Biology Chapter 3: Understanding Elements and the Periodic Table
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary way that elements are organized in the periodic table?

  • By their atomic weight
  • By their electron count
  • By their atomic mass
  • By their atomic number (correct)

    • What is the charge of an electron?

  • Varies depending on the element
  • No charge
  • 1 negative unit (correct)
  • 1 positive unit

    • What is the difference between isotopes of the same element?

  • Different number of neutrons (correct)
  • Different number of electrons
  • Different atomic mass units
  • Different number of protons

    • What is the purpose of the atomic number of an element?

    <p>To uniquely identify an element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost shell of an atom called?

    <p>Valence shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a radioisotope?

    <p>An unstable isotope that emits radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of water?

    <p>It is a good solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an acid?

    <p>A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of a neutral solution?

    <p>pH 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a base?

    <p>Releases hydroxide ions in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of water in the body?

    <p>To transport substances and remove waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of blood?

    <p>pH 7.35-7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of atoms according to the Octet Rule?

    <p>To achieve 8 electrons in their outer shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally?

    <p>Polar bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a charged atom that has lost or gained electrons?

    <p>Ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed between a slightly positively charged hydrogen atom and another slightly negatively charged atom?

    <p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for chemical reactions that occur between atoms to form compounds and molecules?

    <p>Chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a complete outer shell?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ATP in cells?

    <p>To provide energy for cellular activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sugar component of DNA?

    <p>Deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogen base pairs with Guanine in DNA?

    <p>Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which most ATP is produced in cells?

    <p>Aerobic cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of genetic information in cells?

    <p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bicarbonate ion in body fluids?

    <p>To maintain a stable pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic that distinguishes organic molecules from inorganic molecules?

    <p>Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when water is added to break down a large molecule into smaller molecules?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carbohydrate contains 5 or 6 carbon atoms in their structure?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a chain of glucose molecules?

    <p>Polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

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