Chapter 3 Study Guide - Henrietta Lacks

Questions and Answers

How are different types of cancer categorized?

Different types of cancer are categorized as invasive or noninvasive.

Summarize Dr. Telinde's position in the debate over the treatment of cervical cancer.

Dr. Telinde believed that carcinoma in situ was just an early stage of invasive carcinoma and that it could spread and become deadly if left untreated.

Explain how the development of the Pap smear improved the survival rate of women diagnosed with cervical cancer.

The Pap smear allowed doctors to determine if there were any cancerous developments along the cervix, enabling early detection and treatment of cervical cancers.

How did doctors justify using patients in public hospital wards as medical research subjects without obtaining their consent?

Doctors believed that since the services were free, they could use them for their research as a form of payment. Signup and view all the answers

How did Telinde hope to prove that his hypothesis about cervical cancer was correct?

Telinde hoped to grow normal cervical tissue and both types of cancerous cervical tissue to compare them. Signup and view all the answers

What was George Gey's position at Johns Hopkins?

George Gey was the head of tissue culture research. Signup and view all the answers

Explain what an immortal cell line is.

An immortal cell line is a continuously dividing line of cells all descended from one original sample. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how Telinde and Gey's relationship led to Gey obtaining a tissue sample from Henrietta's tumor.

Telinde traded cervical tissue cells with Gey and began collecting samples from women, including Henrietta's cervical cells. Signup and view all the answers

Analyze the consent statement that Henrietta signed. Based on this statement, did Telinde and Gey have the right to obtain a sample from her cervix for research?

No, they did not have the right because taking the sample was not necessary for her surgery. Signup and view all the answers

Do you think Henrietta would have given explicit consent for a tissue sample to be used in medical research if asked?

No, she was apprehensive about doctors and likely wouldn't have understood the request. Signup and view all the answers

Were cells taken only from black patients? Were black patients generally treated differently from white patients in the early 1950s?

No, cells were not only taken from black patients, but they were treated differently than white patients. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Cancer

Cancer is categorized into invasive and noninvasive types, affecting treatment approaches.

Dr. Telinde's View on Cervical Cancer

Dr. Telinde argued that carcinoma in situ was an early phase of invasive carcinoma, which could become fatal if untreated.

Impact of the Pap Smear

The Pap smear enhanced survival rates for cervical cancer by enabling early detection of cancerous tissues in the cervix.

Doctors rationalized using patients as research subjects without consent, citing free services as a justification. This raises significant ethical concerns regarding patient autonomy.

Telinde's Research Hypothesis

Telinde planned to validate his cervical cancer hypothesis by comparing normal and cancerous cervical tissues to analyze their similarities.

George Gey's Role

George Gey served as the head of tissue culture research at Johns Hopkins, playing a critical role in advancing cancer research.

Immortal Cell Lines

Immortal cell lines consist of cells that continuously divide, all originating from a single sample, crucial for long-term research studies.

Relationship Between Telinde and Gey

Their collaboration facilitated Gey's access to Henrietta Lacks' tumor sample, as Telinde provided him with various cervical tissue samples.

Henrietta's consent statement implies that Telinde and Gey lacked the right to collect her cervical sample since it was unnecessary for her surgical treatment.

Understanding of Medical Research

Henrietta likely would not have consented to research use of her tissue and may not have fully comprehended the implications of such a request, given her apprehension towards medical personnel.

Racial Disparities in Medicine

Tissue samples were not exclusive to black patients; however, racial discrimination was evident, as black patients often faced inferior treatment and limited healthcare access, exemplified by Henrietta's hospital choices.

Description

This study guide covers key concepts from Chapter 3 of 'The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks.' It includes definitions and important discussions, such as the categorization of different types of cancer and Dr. Telinde's perspective on cervical cancer treatment. Perfect for revision and understanding medical debates presented in the book.