Chapter 3 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the basic structural unit of a bone?

Osteocyte (correct)

Osteoclast

Osteon (correct)

Osteoblast

What is the combining form for 'bone'?

oste/o, oss/i, osse/o

What is the combining form for 'joint'?

arthr/o, articul/o

What is the combining form for 'muscle'?

muscul/o, my/o, myos/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for 'ligament'?

ligament/o, syndesm/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for 'tendon'?

tendin/o, tendon/o, tend/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for 'fascia'?

fasci/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for 'cartilage'?

chondr/o, cartilag/o Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-genesis' refer to?

production Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-blast' indicate?

embryonic Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-cyte' mean?

cell Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-clast' indicate?

breaking down Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for 'bone marrow'?

myel/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for 'skull'?

crani/o Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'ani-' mean?

sub Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for 'humerus'?

humer/o Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form 'pelv/o' refer to?

pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for 'femur'?

femor/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for 'patella'?

patell/o, patell/a Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'syn-' mean?

together Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Musculoskeletal System Terminology

Bone: Root terms are oste/o, oss/i, and osse/o, referring to the rigid organ forming the skeleton.
Joint: Terminology includes arthr/o and articul/o, representing the connection point between bones.
Muscle: Key terms are muscul/o, my/o, and myos/o, denoting tissues that produce movement.
Ligament: Roots ligament/o and syndesm/o indicate flexible bands connecting bones at joints.
Tendon: Defined by tendin/o, tendon/o, and tend/o, these structures attach muscles to bones.
Fascia: Conveyed by fasci/o, referring to connective tissue surrounding muscles.

Cartilage: Illustrated by chondr/o and cartilag/o; a smooth tissue covering joints.
-genesis: A suffix meaning production, often used in biological terms.
-blast: Indicates an embryonic cell involved in the formation of tissues.
-cyte: Refers to a cell, typically used in contexts of mature cells.
-clast: Denotes the process of breaking down cells or tissues, essential for bone remodeling.

Bone Structure and Types

Trabecular Bone: Identified by trabecul/o, referring to spongy tissue in bones.
Axial Skeleton: Terms axial (axi/o) and appendicular (appendicul/o) distinguish between central and limb structures.
Long Bones: Examples include the humerus and femur, essential for limb movement.
Short Bones: Carpal and tarsal bones provide stability and support in wrists and ankles.
Flat Bones: The sternum and scapula protect vital organs and support muscles.
Irregular Bones: Vertebrae and stapes serve unique functions in the body.
Sesamoid Bone: Notably the patella, which aids movement at the knee joint.

Anatomical Prefixes and Suffixes

dia-: Meaning "through," indicating passage or extent.
-physis: Pertaining to growth or nature, frequently used in development contexts.
epi-: Denotes "above" or "upon," referring to location relative to structures.
peri-: Signifying "surrounding," indicating the outermost layer of structures.
endo-: Meaning "within," refers to inside structures or layers.

Bones and Their Structures

Bone Marrow: Denoted by myel/o; central part of bones valuable for blood cell production.
Fissure: Defined as a fairly deep cleft or groove, important for anatomical layout.
Foramen: An opening or hole (foramin/o) serving as passageways for nerves and vessels.
Fossa: Refers to a hollow or depression (foss/o) in bones for articulations with other structures.
Fovea: A small pit or depression, often involved in joint articulation.
Sinus/Antrum: Cavities (sinus/o, sin/o, antr/o) lined by membranes, important for respiratory function.

Elevations and Projections

Sulcus: A shallow groove or depression (sulc/o), facilitating connections among anatomical parts.
Condyle: Rounded projections (condyl/o) that articulate with adjoining bones.
Crest: An elongated projection supporting muscles and ligaments.
Epicondyle: An extension (epicondyl/o) above a condyle, often serving as a muscle attachment site.

Skull and Facial Bones

Cranial Structures: Key bones include crani/o (skull) and faci/o (face), essential for protection and shape.
Frontal Bone: Front/o signifies the forehead area, forming the anterior skull structure.
Parietal Bone: Pariet/o indicates paired bones forming the sides of the cranium.
Occipital Bone: Occipit/o involves the back portion of the skull.
Temporal Bones: Tempor/o denotes the lower lateral skull sections.
Hyoid Bone: Unique U-shaped bone (hyoid/o) aiding in tongue movement and swallowing.

Miscellaneous Anatomical Terms

Vertebrae: cervical (C1-C7), thoracic (T1-T12), lumbar (L1-L5), sacral (S1-S5), and coccyx comprise the spine.
Scapula: Scapul/o refers to shoulder blades crucial for arm support.
Clavicle: Clavicul/o and cleid/o denote the collarbone, connecting arms to the torso.
Pelvic Bones: The ilium, ischium, and pubis (ili/o, ischi/o, pub/o) form the pelvis, supporting weight.

Lower Limb Bones

Femur: Femor/o indicates the thigh bone, crucial for mobility.
Tibia and Fibula: Tibi/o and fibul/o refer to lower leg bones supporting weight and balance.
Malleolus: Malleol/o describes the protrusions found on the outer ankle.
Tarsals and Metatarsals: Tars/o and metatars/o are pivotal for foot structure and movement.
Hallux: Halluc/o specifically refers to the big toe, significant in balance and gait.

-sis: Implying a condition or state, often used in medical terminology.

Combining Forms

Many anatomical terms utilize combining forms to articulate complex structures and concepts effectively, demonstrating the interconnectedness of the musculoskeletal system.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the musculoskeletal system with these flashcards. Learn essential terms related to bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and fascia. Perfect for students studying anatomy or preparing for healthcare exams.