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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What is the term for the basic structural unit of a bone?
What is the term for the basic structural unit of a bone?
- Osteocyte (correct)
- Osteoclast
- Osteon (correct)
- Osteoblast
What is the combining form for 'bone'?
What is the combining form for 'bone'?
oste/o, oss/i, osse/o
What is the combining form for 'joint'?
What is the combining form for 'joint'?
arthr/o, articul/o
What is the combining form for 'muscle'?
What is the combining form for 'muscle'?
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What is the combining form for 'ligament'?
What is the combining form for 'ligament'?
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What is the combining form for 'tendon'?
What is the combining form for 'tendon'?
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What is the combining form for 'fascia'?
What is the combining form for 'fascia'?
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What is the combining form for 'cartilage'?
What is the combining form for 'cartilage'?
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What does the suffix '-genesis' refer to?
What does the suffix '-genesis' refer to?
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What does the suffix '-blast' indicate?
What does the suffix '-blast' indicate?
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What does the suffix '-cyte' mean?
What does the suffix '-cyte' mean?
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What does the suffix '-clast' indicate?
What does the suffix '-clast' indicate?
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What is the combining form for 'bone marrow'?
What is the combining form for 'bone marrow'?
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What is the combining form for 'skull'?
What is the combining form for 'skull'?
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What does the prefix 'ani-' mean?
What does the prefix 'ani-' mean?
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What is the combining form for 'humerus'?
What is the combining form for 'humerus'?
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What does the combining form 'pelv/o' refer to?
What does the combining form 'pelv/o' refer to?
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What is the combining form for 'femur'?
What is the combining form for 'femur'?
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What is the combining form for 'patella'?
What is the combining form for 'patella'?
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What does the prefix 'syn-' mean?
What does the prefix 'syn-' mean?
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Questions and Answers
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Musculoskeletal System Terminology
- Bone: Root terms are oste/o, oss/i, and osse/o, referring to the rigid organ forming the skeleton.
- Joint: Terminology includes arthr/o and articul/o, representing the connection point between bones.
- Muscle: Key terms are muscul/o, my/o, and myos/o, denoting tissues that produce movement.
- Ligament: Roots ligament/o and syndesm/o indicate flexible bands connecting bones at joints.
- Tendon: Defined by tendin/o, tendon/o, and tend/o, these structures attach muscles to bones.
- Fascia: Conveyed by fasci/o, referring to connective tissue surrounding muscles.
Cartilage and Bone Related Terms
- Cartilage: Illustrated by chondr/o and cartilag/o; a smooth tissue covering joints.
- -genesis: A suffix meaning production, often used in biological terms.
- -blast: Indicates an embryonic cell involved in the formation of tissues.
- -cyte: Refers to a cell, typically used in contexts of mature cells.
- -clast: Denotes the process of breaking down cells or tissues, essential for bone remodeling.
Bone Structure and Types
- Trabecular Bone: Identified by trabecul/o, referring to spongy tissue in bones.
- Axial Skeleton: Terms axial (axi/o) and appendicular (appendicul/o) distinguish between central and limb structures.
- Long Bones: Examples include the humerus and femur, essential for limb movement.
- Short Bones: Carpal and tarsal bones provide stability and support in wrists and ankles.
- Flat Bones: The sternum and scapula protect vital organs and support muscles.
- Irregular Bones: Vertebrae and stapes serve unique functions in the body.
- Sesamoid Bone: Notably the patella, which aids movement at the knee joint.
Anatomical Prefixes and Suffixes
- dia-: Meaning "through," indicating passage or extent.
- -physis: Pertaining to growth or nature, frequently used in development contexts.
- epi-: Denotes "above" or "upon," referring to location relative to structures.
- peri-: Signifying "surrounding," indicating the outermost layer of structures.
- endo-: Meaning "within," refers to inside structures or layers.
Bones and Their Structures
- Bone Marrow: Denoted by myel/o; central part of bones valuable for blood cell production.
- Fissure: Defined as a fairly deep cleft or groove, important for anatomical layout.
- Foramen: An opening or hole (foramin/o) serving as passageways for nerves and vessels.
- Fossa: Refers to a hollow or depression (foss/o) in bones for articulations with other structures.
- Fovea: A small pit or depression, often involved in joint articulation.
- Sinus/Antrum: Cavities (sinus/o, sin/o, antr/o) lined by membranes, important for respiratory function.
Elevations and Projections
- Sulcus: A shallow groove or depression (sulc/o), facilitating connections among anatomical parts.
- Condyle: Rounded projections (condyl/o) that articulate with adjoining bones.
- Crest: An elongated projection supporting muscles and ligaments.
- Epicondyle: An extension (epicondyl/o) above a condyle, often serving as a muscle attachment site.
Skull and Facial Bones
- Cranial Structures: Key bones include crani/o (skull) and faci/o (face), essential for protection and shape.
- Frontal Bone: Front/o signifies the forehead area, forming the anterior skull structure.
- Parietal Bone: Pariet/o indicates paired bones forming the sides of the cranium.
- Occipital Bone: Occipit/o involves the back portion of the skull.
- Temporal Bones: Tempor/o denotes the lower lateral skull sections.
- Hyoid Bone: Unique U-shaped bone (hyoid/o) aiding in tongue movement and swallowing.
Miscellaneous Anatomical Terms
- Vertebrae: cervical (C1-C7), thoracic (T1-T12), lumbar (L1-L5), sacral (S1-S5), and coccyx comprise the spine.
- Scapula: Scapul/o refers to shoulder blades crucial for arm support.
- Clavicle: Clavicul/o and cleid/o denote the collarbone, connecting arms to the torso.
- Pelvic Bones: The ilium, ischium, and pubis (ili/o, ischi/o, pub/o) form the pelvis, supporting weight.
Lower Limb Bones
- Femur: Femor/o indicates the thigh bone, crucial for mobility.
- Tibia and Fibula: Tibi/o and fibul/o refer to lower leg bones supporting weight and balance.
- Malleolus: Malleol/o describes the protrusions found on the outer ankle.
- Tarsals and Metatarsals: Tars/o and metatars/o are pivotal for foot structure and movement.
- Hallux: Halluc/o specifically refers to the big toe, significant in balance and gait.
Suffixes Related to Conditions
- -sis: Implying a condition or state, often used in medical terminology.
Combining Forms
- Many anatomical terms utilize combining forms to articulate complex structures and concepts effectively, demonstrating the interconnectedness of the musculoskeletal system.
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