Chapter 28: The Female Reproductive System

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What is the primary function of the uterine tubes?

To support the development of the fetus during pregnancy

To produce sex hormones

To transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus (correct)

To regulate the menstrual cycle

What is the outermost layer of the uterus?

Perimetrium (correct)

Stratum basalis

Endometrium

Myometrium

Which part of the vagina is responsible for producing an acidic pH?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Leukocytes and macrophages

Stratified squamous epithelium

Bacteria that ferment glycogen-rich cells (correct)

What is the function of the paraurethral glands in the female reproductive system?

To secrete mucous for intercourse (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transformation of one type of tissue to another, as seen in the development of the vagina during puberty?

Metaplasia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mons pubis?

To cover the pubic symphysis with adipose tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spiral arteries in the uterine wall?

Supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium during menstruation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of follicles left in the ovaries when climacteric begins?

1,000 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of estrogen and progesterone in hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

To relieve symptoms of menopause (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of menopause?

The cessation of menstruation permanently (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the midlife change in hormone secretion accompanied by the cessation of menstruation?

Climacteric (A) Signup and view all the answers

At what age does menopause usually occur?

Between 45 and 55 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of progesterone during the menstrual cycle?

Preparation of the uterus for fertilization (B) Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics?

Estradiol (A) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

Ovulation phase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin during pregnancy?

Maintenance of the corpus luteum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of estradiol in the reproductive system?

Maturation of the reproductive system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of producing haploid gametes through meiosis?

Oogenesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cyclic changes that occur in the uterus in preparation for a fertilized egg?

Menstrual cycle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cell that is formed alongside the egg cell during oogenesis, containing half of the chromosomes?

Polar body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the ovarian follicles develop and mature?

Folliculogenesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the granulosa cells in the ovarian follicles?

To produce estrogen and progesterone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the glycoprotein coating that surrounds the egg cell?

Zona pellucida (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of progesterone on the glomerular filtrate in a pregnant woman?

It increases the glomerular filtrate (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do women who experience morning sickness have fewer infants with heart defects?

Because morning sickness is an evolutionary adaptation that protects the fetus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased metabolism during pregnancy on the respiratory system?

It increases oxygen demand (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aldosterone in a pregnant woman's body?

It promotes water retention (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the additional weight of the uterus during pregnancy on the circulatory system?

It increases blood pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the increased metabolic rate on a pregnant woman's body temperature?

It increases body temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers