Chapter 23 Eye and Auditory Flashcards

Surgical Procedures and Definitions

• Keratoplasty: Surgical technique for repairing the cornea.
• Evisceration: Procedure involving removal of the viscera through an incision.
• Enucleation: Surgical removal of the entire eye.
• Exenteration: Complete removal of an organ as a single unit.

Eye Anatomy

• Cataract: Condition characterized by an opaque layer over the lens of the eye.
• Sclera: The tough, outer layer of the eyeball, commonly known as the "white" part.
• Conjunctiva: Mucous membrane lining the inner eyelids and covering the sclera.
• Uveal: Tissue comprising the choroids, ciliary body, and iris, rich in blood vessels.

Eyelid and Ocular Structures

• Tarsorrhaphy: Surgical procedure that involves suturing eyelids together to protect the eye.
• Ocular adnexa: Includes the orbit, extraocular muscles, and eyelids, essential for eye function.
• Anterior segment: Refers to eye structures in front of the lens, including the orbit and eyelids.
• Posterior segment: Contains parts of the eye located behind the lens.

Prefixes and Medical Terminology

• Blephar/o-: Relates to the eyelid.
• Cor/o-: Pertains to the pupil.
• Cyclo/o-: Refers to the ciliary body or eye muscles.
• Dacry/o-: Associated with tears or tear ducts.
• Kerat/o-: Pertains to the cornea.
• Ocul/o-: Refers to the eye.
• Dacryocyst/o-: Related to the lacrimal sac.
• Vitre/o-: Pertains to the vitreous body of the eye.

Conditions of the Eye

• Astigmatism: A visual impairment caused by uneven refractive surfaces in the eyes.
• Strabismus: A condition leading to misalignment of the visual axes due to extraocular muscle issues.

Auditory System

• Aural atresia: Congenital condition marked by the absence of the external auditory canal.
• Transmastoid antrostomy: Simple mastoidectomy to create an opening in the mastoid bone for drainage.
• Labyrinth: Network of interconnecting cavities in the inner ear.
• Tympanic neurectomy: Excision of the tympanic nerve involved in auditory function.

Ear Anatomy

• Fenestration: The creation of a new opening, commonly in the context of ear surgery.
• Parts of the external ear: Include the auricle, pinna, external acoustic canal, and meatus.
• Parts of the inner ear: Comprises malleus, incus, and stapes, which are critical for hearing.

Additional Prefixes

• Mastoid-: Relates to the posterior temporal bone.
• Myring-: Refers to the eardrum, key for auditory processes.
• Audi-: Pertaining to hearing.
• Exostosis: Refers to a bony growth, which can occur in the ear.
• Oto-: Relates to the ear.
• Salping(o)-: Refers to the eustachian tube.
• Apicectomy: Procedure involving the removal of a portion of the temporal bone.