Podcast
Questions and Answers
The main site of gas exchange is the ________.
The main site of gas exchange is the ________.
- Respiratory bronchiole
- Alveoli (correct)
- Alveolar duct
- Alveolar sacs
The loudness of a person's voice depends on the ________.
The loudness of a person's voice depends on the ________.
- Thickness of vestibular folds
- Force with which air rushes across the vocal folds (correct)
- Strength of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
- Length of the vocal folds
The function of type II cells in the alveoli is to ________.
The function of type II cells in the alveoli is to ________.
- Secrete surfactant (correct)
- Replace mucus in the alveoli
- Trap dust and other debris
- Protect the lungs from bacterial invasion
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________.
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________.
Expiration is a passive act that depends on which two factors?
Expiration is a passive act that depends on which two factors?
Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea?
Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea?
Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________.
Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________.
The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________.
The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________.
The statement, 'in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture' paraphrases ________.
The statement, 'in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture' paraphrases ________.
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________.
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________.
For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be ________.
For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be ________.
With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________.
With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________.
The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ________.
The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ________.
The local matching of blood flow with ventilation is ________.
The local matching of blood flow with ventilation is ________.
In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is ________.
In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is ________.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Which of the choices below describes the forces that act to pull the lungs away from the thorax wall and thus collapse the lungs?
Which of the choices below describes the forces that act to pull the lungs away from the thorax wall and thus collapse the lungs?
Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions from the RBC?
Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions from the RBC?
Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer?
Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer?
Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2?
Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2?
The major nonelastic source of resistance to air flow in the respiratory passageways is ________.
The major nonelastic source of resistance to air flow in the respiratory passageways is ________.
Which of the following determines lung compliance?
Which of the following determines lung compliance?
Tidal volume is air ________.
Tidal volume is air ________.
Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement?
Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement?
Possible causes of hypoxia include ________.
Possible causes of hypoxia include ________.
The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________.
The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________.
Because the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, which of the following statements is true regarding respiratory exchange?
Because the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, which of the following statements is true regarding respiratory exchange?
Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing?
Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing?
Respiratory control centers are located in the ________.
Respiratory control centers are located in the ________.
The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________.
The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________.
Which statement about CO2 is incorrect?
Which statement about CO2 is incorrect?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________.
Select the correct statement about the pharynx.
Select the correct statement about the pharynx.
The larynx contains ________.
The larynx contains ________.
Which respiratory-associated muscles would contract if you were to blow up a balloon?
Which respiratory-associated muscles would contract if you were to blow up a balloon?
How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood?
How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood?
Which of the choices below is not a role of the pleura?
Which of the choices below is not a role of the pleura?
Which of the following incorrectly describes mechanisms of CO2 transport?
Which of the following incorrectly describes mechanisms of CO2 transport?
Factors that influence the rate and depth of breathing include ________.
Factors that influence the rate and depth of breathing include ________.
Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange?
Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange?
The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.
The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.
Gas emboli may occur because a ________.
Gas emboli may occur because a ________.
Inspiratory capacity is ________.
Inspiratory capacity is ________.
Which center is located in the pons?
Which center is located in the pons?
The nose serves all the following functions except ________.
The nose serves all the following functions except ________.
A premature baby usually has difficulty breathing. However, the respiratory system is developed enough for survival by ________.
A premature baby usually has difficulty breathing. However, the respiratory system is developed enough for survival by ________.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the respiratory rate of a newborn?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the respiratory rate of a newborn?
Select the correct statement about the neural mechanisms of respiratory control.
Select the correct statement about the neural mechanisms of respiratory control.
Which of the choices below is not a factor that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin?
Which of the choices below is not a factor that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin?
The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are ________.
The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are ________.
The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________.
The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________.
Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ________.
Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ________.
Which of the following is not possible?
Which of the following is not possible?
Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation.
Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation.
Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood.
Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood.
Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation?
Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation?
Which of the following does not influence hemoglobin saturation?
Which of the following does not influence hemoglobin saturation?
Flashcards
What is the main site of gas exchange in the lungs?
What is the main site of gas exchange in the lungs?
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
What determines voice loudness?
What determines voice loudness?
The force of air passing over the vocal cords determines how loud your voice is.
What is the primary function of Type II alveolar cells?
What is the primary function of Type II alveolar cells?
Type II alveolar cells produce surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing.
What causes air to exit the lungs during expiration?
What causes air to exit the lungs during expiration?
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What factors contribute to passive expiration?
What factors contribute to passive expiration?
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How is the trachea's patency maintained?
How is the trachea's patency maintained?
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What is intrapulmonary pressure?
What is intrapulmonary pressure?
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What is Boyle's Law?
What is Boyle's Law?
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Explain Dalton's Law.
Explain Dalton's Law.
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What is the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?
What is the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?
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What is the ideal thickness for the respiratory membrane for efficient gas exchange?
What is the ideal thickness for the respiratory membrane for efficient gas exchange?
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What is the Bohr effect?
What is the Bohr effect?
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What is the primary stimulus for breathing?
What is the primary stimulus for breathing?
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Explain ventilation-perfusion coupling.
Explain ventilation-perfusion coupling.
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How much oxygen is dissolved in plasma during transport?
How much oxygen is dissolved in plasma during transport?
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What is the typical respiratory rate for newborns?
What is the typical respiratory rate for newborns?
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What forces contribute to lung collapse?
What forces contribute to lung collapse?
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What is chloride shifting?
What is chloride shifting?
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Is Kaposi's sarcoma a form of lung cancer?
Is Kaposi's sarcoma a form of lung cancer?
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How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
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What factors influence lung compliance?
What factors influence lung compliance?
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Define vital capacity.
Define vital capacity.
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How does fetal gas exchange occur?
How does fetal gas exchange occur?
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What drives gas movement in the lungs?
What drives gas movement in the lungs?
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Where are the respiratory control centers located?
Where are the respiratory control centers located?
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What is inspiratory capacity?
What is inspiratory capacity?
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What is the function of the pleura?
What is the function of the pleura?
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Explain the mechanism of gas exchange in the lungs.
Explain the mechanism of gas exchange in the lungs.
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How do neural mechanisms contribute to respiratory control?
How do neural mechanisms contribute to respiratory control?
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What factors influence hemoglobin saturation?
What factors influence hemoglobin saturation?
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What is emphysema?
What is emphysema?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Study Notes
- Main Site of Gas Exchange: Alveoli are responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs.
- Voice Loudness: The loudness of a person's voice depends on the force with which air rushes across the vocal folds.
- Type II Alveolar Cells: Their primary function is to secrete surfactant, which reduces surface tension in the alveoli.
- Expiration Pressure: Air exits the lungs when the pressure inside is greater than the atmospheric pressure.
- Passive Expiration Factors: Dependent on the recoil of elastic fibers stretched during inspiration and surface tension from alveolar fluid.
- Trachea Patency: Maintained by C-shaped cartilage rings preventing collapse.
- Intrapulmonary Pressure: Refers to the pressure within the alveoli of the lungs.
- Boyle's Law: Describes the inverse relationship between gas pressure and volume.
- Dalton's Law: Total pressure in a mixture of gases equals the sum of individual partial pressures.
- Surfactant Role: Prevents alveoli from collapsing by reducing the cohesiveness of water molecules.
- Respiratory Membrane Thickness: For efficient gas exchange, it should be 0.5 to 1 micrometer thick.
- Bohr Effect: Higher acidity (lower pH) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond, leading to more oxygen release.
- Primary Stimulus for Breathing: The increase of carbon dioxide level in the body.
- Ventilation-Perfusion Coupling: Refers to the local matching of blood flow with ventilation in the lungs.
- Oxygen in Plasma: Only about 1.5% of oxygen is dissolved in plasma.
- Infant Respiratory Rate: Newborn respiratory rate ranges from approximately 40 to 80 respirations per minute.
- Collapse Forces: The tendency of lungs to recoil and the surface tension of alveolar fluid contribute to lung collapse.
- Chloride Shifting: Counteracts bicarbonate ion movement from red blood cells.
- Lung Cancer: Kaposi's sarcoma is not commonly categorized as a form of lung cancer.
- Oxygen and CO2 Transport: 70% of CO2 is transported as bicarbonate ions in plasma.
- Lung Compliance Factors: Determined by factors like alveolar surface tension.
- Vital Capacity: Represents the total volume of air that can be exchanged in the lungs.
- Fetal Respiratory Exchange: Conducted via the placenta while lungs are filled with fluid.
- Gas Movement: Driven by partial pressure gradients.
- Respiratory Control Centers Location: Located in the medulla and pons of the brain.
- Inspiratory Capacity: Total air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration.
- Pleura Functions: Helps prevent friction during lung inflation and deflation.
- Diffusion: Mechanism for gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
- Neural Mechanisms of Respiratory Control: Smooth transitions from inspiration to expiration are facilitated by the pons.
- Influencers of Hemoglobin Saturation: Factors include temperature, BPG levels, and carbon dioxide concentration. Nitric oxide does not influence hemoglobin saturation.
- Emphysema: Characterized by destruction of alveoli walls resulting in enlarged air spaces.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the respiratory system with this multiple-choice flashcard quiz. Cover key concepts like gas exchange and voice modulation mechanisms in detail. Perfect for reviewing Chapter 22 of your biology textbook.
