Chapter 22 Respiratory System Quiz

Questions and Answers

The main site of gas exchange is the ________.

Respiratory bronchiole

Alveoli (correct)

Alveolar duct

Alveolar sacs

The loudness of a person's voice depends on the ________.

Thickness of vestibular folds

Force with which air rushes across the vocal folds (correct)

Strength of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Length of the vocal folds

The function of type II cells in the alveoli is to ________.

Secrete surfactant (correct)

Replace mucus in the alveoli

Trap dust and other debris

Protect the lungs from bacterial invasion

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________.

Greater than the pressure in the atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

Expiration is a passive act that depends on which two factors?

The recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea?

C-shaped cartilage rings Signup and view all the answers

Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________.

Pressure within the alveoli of the lungs Signup and view all the answers

The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________.

Boyle's law Signup and view all the answers

The statement, 'in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture' paraphrases ________.

Dalton's law Signup and view all the answers

Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________.

Interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid Signup and view all the answers

For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be ________.

0.5 to 1 micrometer thick Signup and view all the answers

With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________.

Decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond Signup and view all the answers

The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ________.

Increase of carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

The local matching of blood flow with ventilation is ________.

Ventilation-perfusion coupling Signup and view all the answers

In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is ________.

Only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Respiratory rate is lowest in newborn infants. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the choices below describes the forces that act to pull the lungs away from the thorax wall and thus collapse the lungs?

The natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions from the RBC?

Chloride shifting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer?

Kaposi's sarcoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2?

Blood pH adjustment Signup and view all the answers

The major nonelastic source of resistance to air flow in the respiratory passageways is ________.

Friction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following determines lung compliance?

Alveolar surface tension Signup and view all the answers

Tidal volume is air ________.

Exchanged during normal breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement?

Partial pressure gradient Signup and view all the answers

Possible causes of hypoxia include ________.

Too little oxygen in the atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________.

Vital capacity Signup and view all the answers

Because the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, which of the following statements is true regarding respiratory exchange?

Respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing?

Rising blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Respiratory control centers are located in the ________.

Medulla and pons Signup and view all the answers

The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________.

Inspiratory reserve Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about CO2 is incorrect?

More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBCs. Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________.

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about the pharynx.

The auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx. Signup and view all the answers

The larynx contains ________.

The thyroid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory-associated muscles would contract if you were to blow up a balloon?

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles would contract Signup and view all the answers

How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood?

As the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the choices below is not a role of the pleura?

Aids in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following incorrectly describes mechanisms of CO2 transport?

Attached to the heme part of hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Factors that influence the rate and depth of breathing include ________.

Voluntary cortical control Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.

Alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes Signup and view all the answers

Gas emboli may occur because a ________.

Diver holds his breath upon ascent Signup and view all the answers

Inspiratory capacity is ________.

The total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration Signup and view all the answers

Which center is located in the pons?

Pontine respirator group (PRG) Signup and view all the answers

The nose serves all the following functions except ________.

As the direct initiator of the cough reflex Signup and view all the answers

A premature baby usually has difficulty breathing. However, the respiratory system is developed enough for survival by ________.

28 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the respiratory rate of a newborn?

The respiratory rate of a newborn is, at its highest rate, approximately 40-80 respirations per minute. Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about the neural mechanisms of respiratory control.

The pons is thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspiration to expiration. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the choices below is not a factor that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin?

Number of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are ________.

Surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity Signup and view all the answers

The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________.

Concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes Signup and view all the answers

Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ________.

Ciliated mucous lining in the nose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not possible?

Pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance. Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation.

As alveolar surface tension increases, additional muscle action will be required. Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood.

A 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation?

Emphysema Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not influence hemoglobin saturation?

Nitric oxide Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System Study Notes

Main Site of Gas Exchange: Alveoli are responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs.
Voice Loudness: The loudness of a person's voice depends on the force with which air rushes across the vocal folds.
Type II Alveolar Cells: Their primary function is to secrete surfactant, which reduces surface tension in the alveoli.
Expiration Pressure: Air exits the lungs when the pressure inside is greater than the atmospheric pressure.
Passive Expiration Factors: Dependent on the recoil of elastic fibers stretched during inspiration and surface tension from alveolar fluid.
Trachea Patency: Maintained by C-shaped cartilage rings preventing collapse.
Intrapulmonary Pressure: Refers to the pressure within the alveoli of the lungs.
Boyle's Law: Describes the inverse relationship between gas pressure and volume.
Dalton's Law: Total pressure in a mixture of gases equals the sum of individual partial pressures.
Surfactant Role: Prevents alveoli from collapsing by reducing the cohesiveness of water molecules.
Respiratory Membrane Thickness: For efficient gas exchange, it should be 0.5 to 1 micrometer thick.
Bohr Effect: Higher acidity (lower pH) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond, leading to more oxygen release.
Primary Stimulus for Breathing: The increase of carbon dioxide level in the body.
Ventilation-Perfusion Coupling: Refers to the local matching of blood flow with ventilation in the lungs.
Oxygen in Plasma: Only about 1.5% of oxygen is dissolved in plasma.
Infant Respiratory Rate: Newborn respiratory rate ranges from approximately 40 to 80 respirations per minute.
Collapse Forces: The tendency of lungs to recoil and the surface tension of alveolar fluid contribute to lung collapse.
Chloride Shifting: Counteracts bicarbonate ion movement from red blood cells.
Lung Cancer: Kaposi's sarcoma is not commonly categorized as a form of lung cancer.
Oxygen and CO2 Transport: 70% of CO2 is transported as bicarbonate ions in plasma.
Lung Compliance Factors: Determined by factors like alveolar surface tension.
Vital Capacity: Represents the total volume of air that can be exchanged in the lungs.
Fetal Respiratory Exchange: Conducted via the placenta while lungs are filled with fluid.
Gas Movement: Driven by partial pressure gradients.
Respiratory Control Centers Location: Located in the medulla and pons of the brain.
Inspiratory Capacity: Total air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration.
Pleura Functions: Helps prevent friction during lung inflation and deflation.
Diffusion: Mechanism for gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
Neural Mechanisms of Respiratory Control: Smooth transitions from inspiration to expiration are facilitated by the pons.
Influencers of Hemoglobin Saturation: Factors include temperature, BPG levels, and carbon dioxide concentration. Nitric oxide does not influence hemoglobin saturation.
Emphysema: Characterized by destruction of alveoli walls resulting in enlarged air spaces.

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Test your knowledge on the respiratory system with this multiple-choice flashcard quiz. Cover key concepts like gas exchange and voice modulation mechanisms in detail. Perfect for reviewing Chapter 22 of your biology textbook.