Questions and Answers
Air enters the ______ where it is warmed, filtered, and humidified.
nasal cavity
The pharynx is a shared region between which two body systems?
Respiratory and digestive
The vestibular and vocal folds are found in the?
larynx
Terminal bronchioles divide into __________.
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The respiratory membrane, across which gas exchange occurs, is formed by the wall of the respiratory bronchiole and the pulmonary capillary.
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Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory tract?
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Match each respiratory volume to its definition.
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Overview
- Air enters the nasal cavity for warming, filtration, and humidification.
- The pharynx serves as a shared passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems.
- The larynx houses the vocal folds essential for sound production.
- The trachea is located in the neck and upper thorax.
Tracheal Anatomy
- Layers of the trachea from superficial to deep:
- Perichondrium
- Cartilage
- Submucosa
- Lamina propria
- Epithelium
Airflow through the Lower Respiratory Tract
- Inhalation pathway includes:
- Trachea
- Main bronchi
- Lobar bronchi
- Segmental bronchi
- Terminal bronchioles
- Alveoli
Respiratory Zone Structures
- Air flows into the lungs via:
- Terminal bronchioles
- Respiratory bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveolar sacs
Respiratory System Components
- Pharynx is not part of the lower respiratory tract.
- The larynx consists of vestibular and vocal folds.
Structural Highlights
- Alveolus is the structure responsible for gas exchange.
- The respiratory epithelium features ciliated cells and goblet cells which help trap and clear debris.
Lung Anatomy
- Right lung has unique features such as a larger size and three lobes.
- Left lung contains the cardiac notch to accommodate the heart and has two lobes.
Respiratory Volumes
- Residual Volume (RV): Air remaining after forced expiration.
- Tidal Volume (TV): Air exchanged during normal breathing.
- Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): Extra air that can be inhaled after a normal breath.
- Vital Capacity (VC): The total amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation.
- Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV): Air volume exhaled within a certain timeframe, often used to assess lung function.
Ciliated and Non-Ciliated Structures
- Non-ciliated structures include alveolus and alveolar ducts.
- Ciliated structures include trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, essential for clearing mucus and debris.
Order of Air Passage
- During inspiration, air flows through:
- Nares
- Vestibule
- Nasal cavity
- Choanae
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
- Larynx
- After larynx, air travels to:
- Trachea
- Primary bronchus
- Secondary and tertiary bronchi
- Bronchioles and terminal bronchioles
- Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and finally alveoli.
Clinical Assessment
- Obstructive diseases (e.g., asthma, emphysema) can be diagnosed by measuring forced expiratory volume (FEV).
Key Respiratory Features
- Uvula and pharyngeal tonsil located in the pharynx, crucial in immune response.
- Functions of the larynx include protection of the airway during swallowing and production of sound.
Anatomical Localization
- Components of the lungs can be accurately labeled for study, including bronchial structure and divisions for enhanced understanding.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the respiratory system with these flashcards. This quiz covers key structures such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and trachea, arranged in order of proximity. Challenge yourself to complete each statement correctly and understand the functions of each part of the respiratory tract.
