Chapter 21 Eye and Ear Assessment Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is visual acuity?

Acuteness or sharpness of vision.

What type of symptoms might be experienced with myopia?

Difficulty seeing objects at a distance and may squint.

What methods can be used to correct myopia?

Corrective lenses (eyeglasses or contact lenses) or laser eye surgery.

What causes an individual with astigmatism to have distorted and blurred vision?

<p>The cornea is curved into an oval shape, causing light rays to focus on two different points on the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ophthalmologist?

<p>A physician specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an optometrist?

<p>A licensed primary healthcare provider who has expertise in measuring visual acuity and prescribing corrective lenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an optician?

<p>A professional who interprets and fills prescriptions for eyeglasses and contact lenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can be detected by measuring distance visual acuity?

<p>Myopia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of patient would warrant the use of the Snellen Big E eye chart?

<p>A pre-school age child who cannot read or speak English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the top number and bottom number next to each line of letters on the Snellen eye chart.

<p>The top number is the distance at which the test is conducted, and the bottom number is the distance from which a person with normal visual acuity can read the row of letters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two conditions that can be detected by measuring near visual acuity.

<p>Hyperopia and presbyopia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between congenital and acquired color vision defects.

<p>Congenital defects are inherited and present at birth, most often affecting males, while acquired defects occur after birth due to injury, disease, or certain drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a polychromatic plate?

<p>Plates containing primary colored dots against a background of similar dots of contrasting colors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three reasons for performing eye irrigation.

<p>Cleanse the eye by washing away foreign particles, ocular discharges, or harmful chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three reasons for performing eye instillation.

<p>Treat eye infections, soothe an irritated eye, or dilate the pupil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of frequencies for normal speech?

<p>Ranges from 300-400 Hz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List five conditions that may cause conductive hearing loss.

<p>External otitis media (swimmer's ear), foreign bodies, benign growths, impacted cerumen, or perforated tympanic membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List four conditions that may result in sensorineural hearing loss.

<p>Infectious diseases, intense noise exposure over time, or tumors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is obtained through audiometry?

<p>Measures how extensive a hearing loss is and what frequencies are involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is obtained through tympanometry?

<p>Helps to determine the cause of hearing loss and is useful in diagnosing serous otitis media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three reasons for performing ear irrigation.

<p>Remove cerumen, remove a foreign body, or relieve inflammation by applying an antiseptic solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three reasons for performing ear instillation.

<p>Soften cerumen impacted in the ear canal, treat infection, or relieve pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how impacted cerumen is removed from the ear.

<p>Ear irrigation is a routine procedure used to remove excess earwax and foreign materials from the ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how to straighten the external auditory canal in an adult and in children 3 years old or younger.

<p>Gently pull backward and upward to assess the ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Visual Acuity

Sharpness or clarity of vision.

Myopia Symptoms

Light focuses in front of the retina, making distant objects blurry; often involves squinting.

Myopia Correction

Corrected with eyeglasses, contacts, or surgery.

Astigmatism

Oval-shaped cornea causes distorted or blurred vision.

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Ophthalmologist

Eye doctor specializing in diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.

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Optometrist

Healthcare provider who measures vision and prescribes lenses.

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Optician

Fills prescriptions for eyeglasses and contact lenses.

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Distance Visual Acuity Testing

Tests eyesight for distance.

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Snellen Big E Chart

Visual acuity chart for those who can't read or speak English.

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Snellen Chart Interpretation

Top number is test distance; bottom number shows normal vision line.

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Near Visual Acuity Measurement

Measures eyesight for close-up objects.

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Color Vision Defects (Congenital)

Inherited color vision problems present at birth.

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Color Vision Defects (Acquired)

Develop later, due to injury, disease, or medicine.

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Eye Irrigation

Cleaning the eye by flushing with fluid.

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Eye Instillation

Putting medicine into the eye.

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Conductive Hearing Loss

Sound waves unable to reach the inner ear (e.g., earwax).

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Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Damage to inner ear or auditory nerve.

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Audiometry

Measure hearing ability.

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Tympanometry

Tests middle ear function.

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Study Notes

Eye Assessment

  • Visual Acuity: Refers to the sharpness or clarity of vision.
  • Myopia Symptoms: Caused by light rays focusing in front of the retina, leading to difficulties seeing distant objects and often results in squinting.
  • Myopia Correction: Can be addressed with corrective lenses (eyeglasses or contacts) or through laser eye surgery.
  • Astigmatism: Results in distorted or blurred vision due to an oval-shaped cornea, causing light to focus on two different points on the retina.
  • Ophthalmologist: A medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and disorders.
  • Optometrist: A licensed healthcare provider skilled in measuring visual acuity and prescribing corrective lenses.
  • Optician: A professional who fills prescriptions for eyeglasses and contact lenses.
  • Distance Visual Acuity Testing: Used primarily to diagnose myopia among other conditions.
  • Snellen Big E Chart: Designed for preschool children who cannot read or speak English; useful in assessing visual acuity.
  • Snellen Chart Interpretation: The top number represents the test distance, while the bottom number represents the distance a person with normal vision can read the line.
  • Near Visual Acuity Measurement: Can reveal conditions such as hyperopia and presbyopia.
  • Color Vision Defects:
    • Congenital Defect: Inherited, present at birth, often affects males.
    • Acquired Defect: Develops after birth due to injury, disease, or medication.

Eye Procedures

  • Polychromatic Plate: A diagnostic tool featuring colored dots against a contrasting background to assess color vision.
  • Eye Irrigation: Performed to cleanse the eye by flushing out foreign particles, discharges, or harmful substances.
  • Eye Instillation: Used to treat infections, soothe irritation, or dilate pupils.

Ear Assessment

  • Normal Speech Frequency: Ranges from 300-400 Hz.
  • Conductive Hearing Loss: Causes include external otitis media (swimmer's ear), foreign bodies, benign growths, impacted cerumen, or perforated tympanic membranes.
  • Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Can result from infectious diseases, prolonged exposure to intense noise, or tumors.
  • Audiometry: Provides data on the extent of hearing loss and affected frequencies.
  • Tympanometry: Used to determine the cause of hearing loss, particularly in cases of serous otitis media.

Ear Procedures

  • Ear Irrigation: Reasons include removing cerumen, extracting foreign bodies, or alleviating inflammation with antiseptic solutions.
  • Ear Instillation: Administered to soften impacted cerumen, treat infections, or relieve pain.
  • Impacted Cerumen Removal: Generally achieved through ear irrigation, a routine procedure to clear excessive earwax and foreign materials.
  • Straightening the External Auditory Canal: In adults, pull backward and upward; for children under three, pull straight back gently to properly assess the ear.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on eye and ear assessment procedures. This quiz covers essential terms and definitions related to visual acuity and myopia. Perfect for students preparing for exams in health sciences.

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