30 Questions
What is ESP in language teaching?
An approach based on learner need
Which grammar type condemns all styles except 'King’s English'?
Classical or Traditional Grammar
What does Structural Linguistics support?
Describing language based on observable data
Which grammar type focuses on language variation and register analysis?
Functional/Notional Grammar
What does Classical or Traditional Grammar tell us?
Normative rules about how language should be written
What is language primarily considered as by structuralists?
A system of systems
Why did the concept of language variation lead to the development of ESP?
To identify specific varieties of language related to different contexts
What are 'functions' in the context of functional/notional grammar?
Concerned with social behavior and represent the intention of the speaker or writer
What is a drawback of functional/notional grammar?
Often perceived as unorganized with no systematic framework
How does the text suggest we should view describing language in structural or functional terms?
As complementary, with each supporting and enriching the other
What does the concept of language variation imply regarding identifiable varieties of language?
There are no identifiable varieties of language related to specific contexts
What distinguishes 'functions' from 'notions' in functional/notional grammar?
'Functions' are concerned with social behavior while 'notions' reflect how the human mind thinks
What is emphasized in the text as the essential foundation for the initiation of the cognitive process?
Emotional reaction to the learning experience
How are learners often mistakenly viewed?
As machines to be programmed
What is highlighted as important for the success of language learning in the text?
Cognitive-emotional interplay
Which aspect is mentioned as influencing behavior strongly in the text?
Emotions
What is pointed out as driving human behavior according to the text?
Motivation
In the context of language learning, what has had a significant impact through the development of courses to teach reading strategies?
Cognitive view of learning
What is the main focus of register analysis in ESP according to the text?
Identifying grammatical and lexical features of specific registers
What was the purpose of adopting linguistic features identified through register analysis in ESP?
To create teaching materials with syllabi prioritizing language forms relevant to students' studies
Why was it important for ESP to give precedence to specific language forms according to the text?
To ensure students are prepared for the language they will encounter in their field of study
What is one aspect of language variation highlighted in the text?
Differences based on the people speaking it and its intended purpose
How did ESP syllabi differ from traditional English language teaching syllabi based on register analysis?
ESP syllabi prioritized the linguistic features specific to students' fields of study
What was one key goal of ESP syllabi in relation to language forms according to the text?
To focus on the language forms relevant to students' studies and future encounters
Which study is considered the most influential in the field of motivation in language learning?
Gardner and Lambert’s (1972) study of bilingualism in French-speaking Canada
What is the main characteristic of instrumental motivation?
It is a reflection of an external need
What differentiates integrative motivation from instrumental motivation?
It stems from an internally generated want to be part of a speech community
What is a common misconception about what motivates human beings?
They are primarily motivated by external rewards
What factor influences how much each form of motivation (instrumental and integrative) influences learners?
Their age, experience, and changing occupational and social needs
What kind of motivation does the text suggest is important for language learning?
Intrinsically motivating motivation
Explore the five main phases of developments in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) from the early 1960s onwards. Learn about special language concepts, register analysis, rhetorical analysis, target situation analysis, skills, strategies, and the learning-centered approach.
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