Chapter 1: origin of esp
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Questions and Answers

What is ESP in language teaching?

  • A methodology for teaching a specific language
  • An approach based on learner need (correct)
  • A language teaching material
  • A particular language for teaching

Which grammar type condemns all styles except 'King’s English'?

  • Structural Linguistics
  • Functional/Notional Grammar
  • Transformational Generative (TG) Grammar
  • Classical or Traditional Grammar (correct)

What does Structural Linguistics support?

  • Language based on Latin and Greek grammars
  • Language variations and register analysis
  • Language being an arbitrary system
  • Describing language based on observable data (correct)

Which grammar type focuses on language variation and register analysis?

<p>Functional/Notional Grammar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Classical or Traditional Grammar tell us?

<p>Normative rules about how language should be written (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is language primarily considered as by structuralists?

<p>A system of systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the concept of language variation lead to the development of ESP?

<p>To identify specific varieties of language related to different contexts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'functions' in the context of functional/notional grammar?

<p>Concerned with social behavior and represent the intention of the speaker or writer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of functional/notional grammar?

<p>Often perceived as unorganized with no systematic framework (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text suggest we should view describing language in structural or functional terms?

<p>As complementary, with each supporting and enriching the other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of language variation imply regarding identifiable varieties of language?

<p>There are no identifiable varieties of language related to specific contexts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes 'functions' from 'notions' in functional/notional grammar?

<p>'Functions' are concerned with social behavior while 'notions' reflect how the human mind thinks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in the text as the essential foundation for the initiation of the cognitive process?

<p>Emotional reaction to the learning experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are learners often mistakenly viewed?

<p>As machines to be programmed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as important for the success of language learning in the text?

<p>Cognitive-emotional interplay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is mentioned as influencing behavior strongly in the text?

<p>Emotions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pointed out as driving human behavior according to the text?

<p>Motivation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of language learning, what has had a significant impact through the development of courses to teach reading strategies?

<p>Cognitive view of learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of register analysis in ESP according to the text?

<p>Identifying grammatical and lexical features of specific registers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of adopting linguistic features identified through register analysis in ESP?

<p>To create teaching materials with syllabi prioritizing language forms relevant to students' studies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was it important for ESP to give precedence to specific language forms according to the text?

<p>To ensure students are prepared for the language they will encounter in their field of study (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one aspect of language variation highlighted in the text?

<p>Differences based on the people speaking it and its intended purpose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did ESP syllabi differ from traditional English language teaching syllabi based on register analysis?

<p>ESP syllabi prioritized the linguistic features specific to students' fields of study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one key goal of ESP syllabi in relation to language forms according to the text?

<p>To focus on the language forms relevant to students' studies and future encounters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which study is considered the most influential in the field of motivation in language learning?

<p>Gardner and Lambert’s (1972) study of bilingualism in French-speaking Canada (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of instrumental motivation?

<p>It is a reflection of an external need (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates integrative motivation from instrumental motivation?

<p>It stems from an internally generated want to be part of a speech community (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about what motivates human beings?

<p>They are primarily motivated by external rewards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences how much each form of motivation (instrumental and integrative) influences learners?

<p>Their age, experience, and changing occupational and social needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of motivation does the text suggest is important for language learning?

<p>Intrinsically motivating motivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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