Chapter 16: Lyophilic Colloids
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of Brownian motion?

  • Electric charge
  • Thermal bombardment (correct)
  • External application of force
  • Gravitational force

How does the velocity of particles change with decreasing particle size?

  • Remains constant
  • Decreases
  • Increases (correct)
  • Stops completely

What is the main driving force behind diffusion?

  • Gravitational force
  • Applied external force
  • Brownian movement (correct)
  • Electrically induced motion

What does Fick's first law relate to?

<p>Change in concentration and distance traveled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of colloids are systems containing colloidal particles that interact significantly with the dispersion medium?

<p>Lyophilic colloids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are lyophilic colloidal sols usually obtained?

<p>By dissolving the material in the solvent being used (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the attachment of solvent molecules to the molecules of the dispersed phase in hydrophilic colloids?

<p>Solvation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials produce lyophilic colloids in aqueous dispersion media?

<p>Gelatin and acacia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the negative sign in the equation for diffusion signify?

<p>Diffusion occurs in decreasing concentration of diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which particles diffuse faster in a given media?

<p>Molecular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between osmosis and diffusion?

<p>Osmosis involves transfer of solvent while diffusion involves passage of solute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the van't Hoff equation π = cRT describe?

<p>The osmotic pressure of a dilute colloidal solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the negative sign in the equation for diffusion signify?

<p>Diffusion occurs in decreasing concentration of the diffusing material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the van't Hoff equation used to calculate?

<p>The osmotic pressure of a dilute colloidal solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of media do smaller particles diffuse faster?

<p>Molecular media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action involved in osmosis?

<p>Transfer of only the solvent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of classifying dispersed systems according to the mean particle diameter of the dispersed material?

<p>Particle size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which types of dispersed systems are generally considered based on the size of the dispersed phase?

<p>A. molecular dispersions, B. colloidal dispersions, C. atomic dispersions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range assigned to colloidal dispersions?

<p>1 - 1000 nm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dispersed material in dispersed systems?

<p>Dispersed phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes lyophobic colloids?

<p>They have little attraction for the dispersion medium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which dispersion medium may a material form a lyophilic colloidal system?

<p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of association or amphiphilic colloids?

<p>They are characterized by having two distinct regions of opposing solution affinities within the same molecule or ion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of particles are generally found in lyophobic colloids?

<p>Inorganic particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes colloidal dispersion based on particle size?

<p>Visible under a normal microscope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique can be used to separate colloidal particles from molecular particles?

<p>Dialysis through a semipermeable membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dispersion medium allows the formation of lyophobic colloidal systems?

<p>Non-polar solvents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range assigned to colloidal dispersions based on the text?

<p>From 1 nm to 0.5 µm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors affecting the sedimentation of particles in a dispersion medium?

<p>Particle size, viscosity, and density difference between particles and dispersion medium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lower size limit of particles obeying Stokes's equation when subjected only to the force of gravity?

<p>0.5 µm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What device is used to produce a force one million times that of gravity to bring about the sedimentation of colloidal particles?

<p>Ultracentrifuge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What promotes mixing instead of sedimentation due to gravity for particles below the lower size limit obeying Stokes's equation?

<p>Brownian movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process in which dispersed particles come together to form aggregates over a narrow concentration range?

<p>Agglomeration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of colloidal dispersion would the diameter of each micelle be approximately 50 Ã…?

<p>Lyophilic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect on the viscosity of the dispersion medium when lyophobic colloidal particles are present?

<p>Viscosity is not greatly increased because the particles tend to be unsolvated and symmetric (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the primary cause of the desolvation of lyophilic molecules in the presence of high concentrations of very soluble electrolytes?

<p>Salting out (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of dispersion system does the critical micelle concentration decrease with the addition of electrolytes in aqueous solutions?

<p>Association (Amphiphilic) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process where a sol may become a gel at sufficiently high concentrations of dispersed phase?

<p>Gel formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property generally characterizes lyophobic colloids in the presence of electrolytes?

<p>Instability due to neutralization of the charge on the particles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when colloidal aggregates are formed spontaneously when the concentration of amphiphile exceeds a certain value?

<p>Salting out (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the velocity of particles as micelles increase in number and become asymmetric in an association (amphiphilic) dispersion?

<p>The velocity increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when dispersed particles come together to form aggregates over a narrow concentration range?

<p>Agglomeration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process that causes lyophobic dispersions to be unstable in the presence of even small concentrations of electrolytes?

<p>Neutralization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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