Chapter 16: DNA, Chromosomes, and Nucleus
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Questions and Answers

What is the most significant implication of the Watson-Crick model regarding DNA replication?

  • DNA strands are not complementary
  • There is no mechanism for DNA replication
  • Cells cannot replicate their genetic information
  • It suggests a mechanism for cells to replicate their genetic information (correct)
  • How are two strands of DNA held together in the double helix structure?

  • By hydrogen bonds (correct)
  • By van der Waals forces
  • Through ionic bonds
  • By strong covalent bonds
  • What happens during DNA denaturation?

  • DNA strands become more tightly bound together
  • DNA absorbs less UV light
  • DNA condenses into chromosomes
  • DNA strands are separated (correct)
  • What is the purpose of treating DNA with an alkaline solution like NaOH?

    <p>To denature the DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximal absorbance wavelength for all DNA molecules, whether double-stranded or single-stranded?

    <p>260nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the DNA melting temperature (Tm) represent?

    <p>The temperature at which one-half of the absorbance change has been achieved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate diameter of isolated chromatin?

    <p>10 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed by the packing together of 30-nm chromatin fibers in an irregular, three-dimensional zigzag structure?

    <p>Chromatin fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA sequences in the human genome are mostly non-coding?

    <p>Tandem repeats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the loops in the chromatin loops mainly contain?

    <p>Active regions of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is a type of interspersed repeat present in eukaryotic genomes?

    <p>SINEs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the spatial arrangement of the looped domains through attachment to nonhistone proteins forming a chromosomal scaffold?

    <p>Histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the basic unit of DNA packaging, consisting of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins?

    <p>Nucleosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein type is responsible for the compact nature of DNA in eukaryotic cells by forming the core around which DNA is wrapped?

    <p>Histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotic cells, what is the structure formed when nucleosomes are further coiled and condensed to achieve higher levels of DNA packaging?

    <p>Chromatid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA condensation in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To reduce DNA accessibility for transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of nucleosomes in regulating gene expression?

    <p>Nucleosomes hinder access to DNA, inhibiting gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components play a crucial role in maintaining the organization and structure of chromosomes during cell division?

    <p>Spindle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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