40 Questions
What are the two parts of the nervous system?
Somatic and autonomic
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Sympathetic
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is associated with 'rest and digest' activities?
Parasympathetic
Where does the sympathetic division of the ANS come from?
Thoracolumbar system of the spinal cord
How many chain ganglia are there on either side of the vertebral column?
23
Which response is activated by the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Dilation of eyes
Where do the collateral ganglia associated with the enteric nervous system lie?
Abdominal region
What neurotransmitters are released by the sympathetic response?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which part of the nervous system deals with skeletal muscle?
Somatic
What is the main function of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
Stimulate digestion and absorption
What are the characteristics of sympathetic axons before the ganglia?
Myelinated and short
What type of synapses are activated by acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system?
Cholinergic
Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?
CN III
What is the function of the sympathetic fibers running to the adrenal medulla?
Quick release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which receptors are activated by norepinephrine and epinephrine in the adrenergic system?
Alpha and beta
What type of reflexes must synapse in the CNS?
Long reflexes
What is the term for an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters but is not at the end like in the somatic nervous system?
Varicosity
Which part of the brain is involved in memory, emotional response, and influences the hypothalamus based on emotional states?
Amygdala
Which drugs come from outside the body and can affect the autonomic nervous system?
Exogenous drugs
What is the term for an increase in blood pressure and heart rate when a person stands up?
Orthostatic hypotension
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling skeletal muscle?
Somatic nervous system
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Rest and digest response
Which neurotransmitters are released during the sympathetic response?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
From which system does the sympathetic division of the ANS originate?
Thoracolumbar system
How many chain ganglia are there on either side of the vertebral column?
23
Which part of the nervous system is associated with digestion and absorption?
Enteric nervous system
Where do the collateral ganglia, associated with the enteric nervous system, distribute their signals?
To smooth muscle of the digestive system
What is the function of the sympathetic response on blood flow to digestive organs?
Reduce blood flow
Where does a central neuron in the lateral horn run to in the sympathetic division?
Sympathetic chain ganglia
What are the main effects of the sympathetic response?
Reducing blood flow to muscles and activating sweat glands
What type of synapse is activated by acetylcholine?
Cholinergic
Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?
CN III
Where do parasympathetic fibers run to in the target effector?
Both terminal and intramural ganglia
Which receptors are activated by norepinephrine and epinephrine in the adrenergic system?
Alpha and beta
What is the function of varicosities in autonomic neurons?
Spread neurotransmitters along the length of the nerve
Which area is involved in memory and emotional response, influencing the hypothalamus based on emotional states?
Amygdala
How are autonomic reflexes different from somatic reflexes?
The efferent branch has both pre and post ganglionic fibers
What does orthostatic hypotension refer to?
BP and HR increasing when a person stands up
Which system exerts more control over the heart under normal circumstances?
Parasympathetic system
From where do most parasympathetic fibers come?
Cranial nerves
Test your knowledge about the two parts of the autonomic nervous system and their functions. Understand how the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses work to maintain homeostatic balance.
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