Chapter 13: Diagnosing Infectious Diseases

<p>Bacteremia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial overgrowth and inaccurate results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the number of viable bacteria in the urine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The type of bacteria suspected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can introduce foreign substances into the specimen. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It minimizes contamination from the external urethra. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It could indicate potential contamination during specimen collection or handling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood culture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the effectiveness of different antibiotics against the isolated bacteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It strongly supports a diagnosis of UTI, even with a low CFU count. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the risk of contamination from the surrounding skin and urethra. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The urine sample was improperly collected or handled. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires the use of a needle to directly access the bladder. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoscope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medical asepsis focuses on reducing pathogens, while surgical asepsis aims to eliminate all microbes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the spread of infection from patient to patient and healthcare worker to patient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Properly cleaning and disinfecting the operating room. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hand hygiene. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postexposure follow-up procedures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inserting a urinary catheter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wearing sterile masks and gloves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wash hands thoroughly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For unsoiled hands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive pressure rooms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wearing artificial nails (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport specimens to the lab using any available method for fastest delivery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the onset of symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selecting, collecting, and transporting specimens, and communicating findings to clinicians. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor specimen quality can lead to inaccurate and unreliable laboratory results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the accurate identification of the pathogen without confounding results due to extraneous microbes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing detailed guidelines on the collection, transport, and processing of clinical specimens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient's height and weight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using a standardized specimen requisition form with detailed patient information and specimen details. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8.23 per 1,000 catheter-days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Community-Acquired Infections (CAIs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-Positive Cocci (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having sufficient resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No reported cases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Private Residence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Samples like blood or urine collected for infection diagnosis.

Refers to the integrity and correctness of collected specimens.

Choosing the correct type of specimen for testing.

Gathering specimens without contamination.

Guidelines for safely moving specimens to labs.

Healthcare professionals working with labs for accurate diagnosis.

Collecting specimens when the disease is acute.

Clean containers used to prevent specimen contamination.

Precautions to follow during specimen collection and transport to ensure accuracy.

Specimens must be taken to the lab quickly after collection to avoid degradation.

Specimens must be shielded from extreme temperatures and oxygen for certain pathogens.

Correct labeling of specimens is necessary for identification and processing in the lab.

Handling specimens with care to avoid introducing foreign microorganisms.

Urine samples should be processed within 30 minutes or refrigerated at 4°C.

The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream.

A method to estimate the quantity of viable bacteria in urine via colony count.

Methods to prevent contamination during medical procedures.

A measurement used to estimate the number of viable bacteria in a sample.

A method to collect urine minimizing contamination.

A colony count of 100,000 CFU/mL or higher typically indicates a UTI.

Unwanted microorganisms in a urine sample that can affect results.

A test to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics on bacteria.

A diagnostic test to observe bacteria in urine under microscopy.

Counting bacteria in specific areas under a microscope to assess infection.

Items that contact mucous membranes or non-intact skin, needing high-level disinfection.

Items that only contact intact skin; require low-level disinfection.

Clean technique that excludes pathogens; aims for cleanliness.

Sterile technique that excludes all microbes; ensures items are sterile.

Infection control measures applied to all patients, regardless of infection status.

Microorganisms in blood that can cause disease, e.g., HIV, HBV, HCV.

Combines Universal Precautions and Body Substance Isolation precautions.

Practices to maintain hand cleanliness and prevent infections.

Infections acquired in healthcare settings due to medical devices.

A type of pneumonia acquired by patients using a ventilator.

Infections that occur when bacteria enter the bloodstream through a central line.

Infections caused by catheter use that affect the urinary tract.

Infections that develop within healthcare settings after admission.

A group of bacteria that includes pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus.

Bacterial spread through direct person-to-person contact.

Infections that can be avoided with proper procedures.

Wearing sterile PPE like masks, gloves, and gowns to prevent infections.

Substances used in specific scenarios to kill or inhibit microbes.

Rooms with negative pressure and HEPA filtration to contain airborne pathogens.

Vaccines suggested for healthcare personnel, including Hepatitis B and Influenza.