Chapter 10 Skin Properties and Disorders

Questions and Answers

What is acne?

Another name for freckles

Technical name for a scar

Skin disorder with chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands (correct)

Condition characterized by excessive sweating

What is adipose tissue?

Subcutaneous tissue beneath the dermis

What is albinism?

Congenital leukoderma or absence of melanin pigment

What is anhidrosis?

Deficiency or lack of perspiration Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes anthrax?

Inflammatory skin disease with a small red papule Signup and view all the answers

What is asteatosis?

Condition of dry, scaly skin due to lack of sebum Signup and view all the answers

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is a blackhead?

An open comedone with oxidized excess oil Signup and view all the answers

What is bromhidrosis?

Foul-smelling perspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is a bulla?

Large blister containing a watery fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is chloasma?

Non-elevated spots due to increased pigmentation Signup and view all the answers

What is cicatrix?

Technical term for a scar Signup and view all the answers

What is collagen?

Fibrous protein that gives skin form and strength Signup and view all the answers

What are comedones?

Mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle Signup and view all the answers

What is corium?

Another name for the dermis Signup and view all the answers

What is a crust?

Dead cells accumulated over a wound Signup and view all the answers

What is a cuticle?

Another name for the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is cutis?

Another name for the dermis Signup and view all the answers

What is a cyst?

Closed sac above or below the skin containing fluid or morbid matter Signup and view all the answers

What is derma?

Technical name for skin Signup and view all the answers

What is dermatitis?

An inflammatory condition of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is dermatitis venenata?

Eruptive skin condition due to contact with irritants Signup and view all the answers

What is the dermis?

Second layer of the skin, known as the true skin Signup and view all the answers

What is eczema?

Inflammatory skin condition characterized by itching Signup and view all the answers

What is elastin?

Protein similar to collagen forming elastic tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidermis?

Outermost layer of skin Signup and view all the answers

What is excoriation?

Skin sore or abrasion caused by scratching Signup and view all the answers

What is a fissure?

A crack in the skin that penetrates to the dermis Signup and view all the answers

What is herpes simplex?

Fever blister or cold sore Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperhidrosis?

Excessive perspiration or sweating Signup and view all the answers

What is hypertrophy?

Abnormal skin growth Signup and view all the answers

What is ivy dermatitis?

Skin inflammation from exposure to poison plants Signup and view all the answers

What is a keloid?

Thick scar from excessive tissue growth Signup and view all the answers

What is a keratoma?

Technical name for a callus Signup and view all the answers

What are lentigines?

Technical name for freckles Signup and view all the answers

What is a lesion?

Structural change in the tissues from injury or disease Signup and view all the answers

What is leukoderm?

Skin disorder with abnormal white patches Signup and view all the answers

What is a macule?

Spot or discoloration of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is malignant melanoma?

Most severe form of skin cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is melanin?

Pigment of the skin found in the epidermis and dermis Signup and view all the answers

What are milia?

Technical name for milk spots Signup and view all the answers

What is miliaria rubra?

Technical name for prickly heat Signup and view all the answers

What is a mole?

Small brownish spot on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What are motor nerve fibers?

Nerve fibers to the arrector pili muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is a nerus?

Technical name for a birthmark Signup and view all the answers

What is the papillary layer?

Outer layer of the dermis beneath the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is a papule?

Pimple Signup and view all the answers

What is psoriasis?

Skin disease with red patches and silvery-white scales Signup and view all the answers

What is a pustule?

Inflamed pimple containing pus Signup and view all the answers

What is the reticular layer?

Deeper layer of the dermis Signup and view all the answers

What is rosacea?

Chronic congestion of the skin characterized by redness Signup and view all the answers

What is a scale?

Accumulation of dry or greasy flakes on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is scarf skin?

Another name for the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What are sebaceous glands?

Oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles Signup and view all the answers

What is seborrhea?

Skin condition caused by excessive sebum secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is sebum?

Oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands Signup and view all the answers

What are secretory nerve fibers?

Nerve fibers regulating perspiration and sebum flow Signup and view all the answers

What are sensory nerve fibers?

Nerve fibers reacting to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain Signup and view all the answers

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

More serious skin cancer than basal cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is a stain?

Abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration Signup and view all the answers

What is a steatoma?

Sebaceous cyst or fatty tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum corneum?

Outermost layer of the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum germinativum?

Innermost layer of the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum granulosum?

Granular layer of the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum lucidum?

Clear layer of the epidermis beneath the stratum corneum Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum spinosum?

Spiny layer of the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is subcutaneous tissue?

Fatty tissue beneath the dermis Signup and view all the answers

What are sudoriferous glands?

Sweat glands of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What are symptoms?

Signs of disease felt or seen Signup and view all the answers

What is a tan?

Darkening of the skin from UV exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is true skin?

Another name for the dermis Signup and view all the answers

What is a tubercule?

Abnormal solid lump above, within, or below the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is a tumor?

Abnormal cell mass from excessive cells Signup and view all the answers

What is an ulcer?

Open skin lesion with pus and loss of depth Signup and view all the answers

What is a verruca?

Technical name for a wart Signup and view all the answers

What is a vesicle?

Small blister containing clear fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is vitiligo?

Acquired leukoderma with milky-white spots Signup and view all the answers

What is a wheal?

Itchy, swollen lesion from insect bites or irritation Signup and view all the answers

What is a whitehead?

Closed comedone with whitish color Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin Disorders and Conditions

Acne: Chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands; causes include retained secretions.
Anhidrosis: A condition marked by a deficiency or complete lack of perspiration.
Bromhidrosis: Foul-smelling perspiration, often resulting from bacterial breakdown of sweat.
Eczema: Inflammatory skin condition causing painful itching and lesions that can be dry or moist.
Ivy dermatitis: Inflammation triggered by contact with poison ivy or related plants.
Psoriasis: Characterized by red patches covered with silvery-white scales.
Vitiligo: Acquired leukoderma resulting in milky-white skin spots.

Types of Skin Cancer

Basal cell carcinoma: The most common and least severe type of skin cancer.
Squamous cell carcinoma: More serious than basal cell carcinoma but not as severe as malignant melanoma.
Malignant melanoma: The most severe form of skin cancer, known for its aggressive nature and tendency to spread.

Skin Anatomy

Adipose tissue: Also known as subcutaneous tissue; serves as a cushion beneath the dermis.
Dermis: The inner layer of skin, often referred to as corium or true skin, containing important structural components.
Epidermis: Outermost skin layer, often called the cuticle or scarf skin, providing a protective barrier.
Sebaceous glands: Oil-producing glands connected to hair follicles.

Skin Structures and Functions

Collagen: A fibrous protein providing form and strength to the skin.
Elastin: A protein similar to collagen that contributes to the skin's elasticity.
Keratoma: Technical term for a callus, often resulting from friction or pressure.
Cicatrix: Medical term for a scar, indicating the result of tissue healing.

Albinism: Congenital lack of melanin pigment in the body.
Chloasma: Non-elevated spots caused by increased pigmentation in skin.
Lentigines: Technical term for freckles, commonly harmless skin discolorations.
Leukoderm: Abnormal white patches on the skin.

Skin Lesions and Abnormalities

Bulla: A large blister filled with watery fluid.
Papule: A small, raised lesion, often referred to as a pimple.
Pustule: An inflamed pimple containing pus.
Vesicle: A small blister containing clear fluid, distinct from a bulla.

Asteatosis: Condition of dry, scaly skin due to insufficient sebum production.
Seborrhea: Excessive secretion of sebum, leading to oily skin and potential acne formation.
Hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating, impacting body temperature regulation.

Macule: A flat discoloration on the skin, such as common freckles.
Scale: Accumulation of dry or greasy flakes on the skin.
Ulcer: An open skin lesion marked by pus and erosion due to infection or malignancy.
Wheal: An itchy, swollen lesion often caused by insect bites or plant irritation.

Nerve Fibers in the Skin

Motor nerve fibers: Distributed to the arrector pili muscles associated with hair follicles, involved in hair movement.
Sensory nerve fibers: Respond to stimuli such as heat, cold, and pressure, sending signals to the brain.
Secretory nerve fibers: Regulate perspiration and sebum flow from glands.

General Definitions

Cyst: A closed sac containing fluid or diseased material located above or below the skin.
Tumor: Abnormal growth resulting from excessive cell multiplication.
Crust: Accumulated dead cells forming over a wound, impacting healing.

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Test your knowledge on the properties and disorders of the skin with these flashcards. Explore key terms like acne, adipose tissue, and albinism to enhance your understanding of dermatological conditions. Perfect for students of skin anatomy and disorders.