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What is the name of the most populous ethnic group in Chad?
What is the name of the most populous ethnic group in Chad?
What was the primary form of political hostility exhibited by Libya in the Chad-Libya conflict?
What was the primary form of political hostility exhibited by Libya in the Chad-Libya conflict?
What is the name of the disputed region between Chad and Libya?
What is the name of the disputed region between Chad and Libya?
During which phase did violence become a more frequent occurrence in the Chad-Libya conflict?
During which phase did violence become a more frequent occurrence in the Chad-Libya conflict?
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What is the name of the ethnic group most populous in the Aouzou Strip?
What is the name of the ethnic group most populous in the Aouzou Strip?
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What was the main objective of Libya's support for the attempted coup by FROLINAT in Chad?
What was the main objective of Libya's support for the attempted coup by FROLINAT in Chad?
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Who led the group of young Libyan military officers that seized power in Libya in 1969?
Who led the group of young Libyan military officers that seized power in Libya in 1969?
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What was the consequence of Libya's attempted coup in Chad in 1971?
What was the consequence of Libya's attempted coup in Chad in 1971?
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What was the disputed territory long claimed by Libya?
What was the disputed territory long claimed by Libya?
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In what year did the conflict between Chad and Libya begin?
In what year did the conflict between Chad and Libya begin?
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What was the outcome of the coup against Chad President Tombalbaye on August 27, 1971?
What was the outcome of the coup against Chad President Tombalbaye on August 27, 1971?
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Which country played a significant role in restoring diplomatic relations between Chad and Libya in April 1972?
Which country played a significant role in restoring diplomatic relations between Chad and Libya in April 1972?
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What was the disputed territory that was occupied by Libya in April 1972 and later ceded by Chad in November 1972?
What was the disputed territory that was occupied by Libya in April 1972 and later ceded by Chad in November 1972?
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Who overthrew President Tombalbaye in a coup in April 1975?
Who overthrew President Tombalbaye in a coup in April 1975?
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What was the outcome of Chad's invasion of Libya in September 1987?
What was the outcome of Chad's invasion of Libya in September 1987?
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In what year did Libya recognize FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government?
In what year did Libya recognize FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government?
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What was the distance FROLINAT forces advanced to Chad's capital, N'Djamena, in 1978?
What was the distance FROLINAT forces advanced to Chad's capital, N'Djamena, in 1978?
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How many French troops were dispatched to Chad in response to President Malloum's request?
How many French troops were dispatched to Chad in response to President Malloum's request?
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What was the outcome of the Libyan invasion of northern and central Chad in 1978?
What was the outcome of the Libyan invasion of northern and central Chad in 1978?
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What was announced in January 1981 by Gadhafi and Goukouni Oueddei?
What was announced in January 1981 by Gadhafi and Goukouni Oueddei?
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The Sara is the most populous ethnic group in the Aouzou Strip.
The Sara is the most populous ethnic group in the Aouzou Strip.
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Libya severed diplomatic relations with Chad in 1972.
Libya severed diplomatic relations with Chad in 1972.
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The disputed Aouzou Strip is located outside of Chad.
The disputed Aouzou Strip is located outside of Chad.
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Libya supported Chad rebel groups financially and militarily during the conflict.
Libya supported Chad rebel groups financially and militarily during the conflict.
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The Aouzou Strip is a region in southern Chad.
The Aouzou Strip is a region in southern Chad.
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Chad's presidents did not consult with leaders of ethnic communities on certain issues.
Chad's presidents did not consult with leaders of ethnic communities on certain issues.
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Chad and Libya had a 10-year conflict between 1971 and 1981.
Chad and Libya had a 10-year conflict between 1971 and 1981.
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Muammar Gadhaf led the group of young Libyan military officers that seized power in Libya in 1969.
Muammar Gadhaf led the group of young Libyan military officers that seized power in Libya in 1969.
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The attempted coup by FROLINAT in 1971 was successful in overthrowing Chad President Tombalbaye.
The attempted coup by FROLINAT in 1971 was successful in overthrowing Chad President Tombalbaye.
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Libya's primary goal in supporting the attempted coup by FROLINAT was to gain access to the valuable material resources in the Aouzou Strip.
Libya's primary goal in supporting the attempted coup by FROLINAT was to gain access to the valuable material resources in the Aouzou Strip.
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Chad and Libya shared a conciliatory decision in mid-April 1971.
Chad and Libya shared a conciliatory decision in mid-April 1971.
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FROLINAT forces advanced to within 50 miles of Chad’s capital, N’Djamena.
FROLINAT forces advanced to within 50 miles of Chad’s capital, N’Djamena.
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France dispatched 1,000 troops in response to Chad's President Malloum's request.
France dispatched 1,000 troops in response to Chad's President Malloum's request.
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Libya invaded northern and central Chad with 1,000 troops in 1978.
Libya invaded northern and central Chad with 1,000 troops in 1978.
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Gadhafi and Goukouni Oueddei announced a plan to merge Chad and Libya in December 1981.
Gadhafi and Goukouni Oueddei announced a plan to merge Chad and Libya in December 1981.
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Libya recognized FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government in April 1972.
Libya recognized FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government in April 1972.
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Chad occupied the disputed Aouzou Strip in 1973.
Chad occupied the disputed Aouzou Strip in 1973.
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President Tombalbaye was overthrown in a coup by Gadhafi in April 1975.
President Tombalbaye was overthrown in a coup by Gadhafi in April 1975.
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Chad restored diplomatic relations with Libya in April 1972 due to pressure from the United States.
Chad restored diplomatic relations with Libya in April 1972 due to pressure from the United States.
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Libya occupied the Aouzou Strip from 1972 to 1987.
Libya occupied the Aouzou Strip from 1972 to 1987.
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How did the lack of a commanding figure in Chad affect the decision-making process?
How did the lack of a commanding figure in Chad affect the decision-making process?
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What were the two most frequent and impactful con ct-sustaining techniques (CST) in the Chad-Libya conflict?
What were the two most frequent and impactful con ct-sustaining techniques (CST) in the Chad-Libya conflict?
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What was the primary form of political hostility exhibited by Libya in the Chad-Libya conflict?
What was the primary form of political hostility exhibited by Libya in the Chad-Libya conflict?
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What is the significance of the Aouzou Strip in the context of the Chad-Libya conflict?
What is the significance of the Aouzou Strip in the context of the Chad-Libya conflict?
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How did Libya's support for Chad rebel groups contribute to the persistence of the conflict?
How did Libya's support for Chad rebel groups contribute to the persistence of the conflict?
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What was the primary motivation behind Libya's support for FROLINAT in Chad?
What was the primary motivation behind Libya's support for FROLINAT in Chad?
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What was the outcome of Chad's brief invasion of Libya in September 1987?
What was the outcome of Chad's brief invasion of Libya in September 1987?
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Which country played a crucial role in restoring diplomatic relations between Chad and Libya in April 1972?
Which country played a crucial role in restoring diplomatic relations between Chad and Libya in April 1972?
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What was the consequence of Libya's recognition of FROLINAT as the legitimate government of Chad?
What was the consequence of Libya's recognition of FROLINAT as the legitimate government of Chad?
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What was the significance of the Aouzou Strip in the Chad-Libya conflict?
What was the significance of the Aouzou Strip in the Chad-Libya conflict?
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What was the consequence of Libya's decision to recognize FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government in 1971?
What was the consequence of Libya's decision to recognize FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government in 1971?
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What was the purpose of the 1,700 French troops dispatched to Chad in 1978?
What was the purpose of the 1,700 French troops dispatched to Chad in 1978?
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What was the outcome of the Libyan invasion of northern and central Chad in 1978?
What was the outcome of the Libyan invasion of northern and central Chad in 1978?
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What was the significance of the announcement made by Gadhafi and Goukouni Oueddei in January 1981?
What was the significance of the announcement made by Gadhafi and Goukouni Oueddei in January 1981?
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What was the geographical region that Libya aspired to control and laid claim to, and what were the valuable material resources found there?
What was the geographical region that Libya aspired to control and laid claim to, and what were the valuable material resources found there?
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What was the role of France in the Chad-Libya conflict?
What was the role of France in the Chad-Libya conflict?
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What was the major decision made by Libya in 1971, and how did it trigger a foreign policy crisis for Chad?
What was the major decision made by Libya in 1971, and how did it trigger a foreign policy crisis for Chad?
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What was the outcome of Libya's attempted coup in Chad in 1971, and what did it fail to achieve?
What was the outcome of Libya's attempted coup in Chad in 1971, and what did it fail to achieve?
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What was the significance of the year 1969 in the context of the Chad-Libya conflict?
What was the significance of the year 1969 in the context of the Chad-Libya conflict?
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What was the nature of the relationship between Libya's hostile initiatives and Chad's reactions in the context of the 23-year conflict?
What was the nature of the relationship between Libya's hostile initiatives and Chad's reactions in the context of the 23-year conflict?
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Study Notes
Chad Decision Process
- The primacy of Chad's presidents during their tenure and the lack of a commanding figure suggest that they consulted with leaders of ethnic communities on certain issues, such as the disputed Aouzou Strip.
- The existence of multiple ethnic communities implies that presidents considered the benefits of consulting with them or the costs of ignoring them in highly restricted political elites.
Ethnic Communities in Chad
- The Sara is the most populous and influential ethnic group in Chad.
- The Tebu is the most populous ethnic group in the Aouzou Strip, a disputed region.
Libya's Involvement in Chad
- Libya's first strategic decision in 1971 was to support an attempted coup by the pro-Libya Front Liberation Nationale de Tchad (FROLINAT) to overthrow Chad President Tombalbaye.
- The decision was made by a group of young Libyan military officers, headed by Col. Muammar Gadhaf.
- The attempted coup and Libya's concealed intervention failed to achieve Libya's objective of bringing FROLINAT to power in Chad and gaining access to the disputed Aouzou Strip.
Chad-Libya Conflict
- Libya's first major decision triggered a foreign policy crisis for Chad, leading to Chad's decision to sever diplomatic relations with Libya.
- Libya retaliated by recognizing FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government on September 17, 1971.
- External pressure from France led to the resumption of diplomatic relations between Chad and Libya in April 1972.
Key Events in the Conflict
- August 27, 1971: Libya's attempted coup against Chad President Tombalbaye.
- September 17, 1971: Libya recognizes FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government.
- April 1972: Chad and Libya resume diplomatic relations.
- 1975: Chad's President Tombalbaye is overthrown in a coup by Malloum.
- 1976: Gadhaf attempts to assassinate Malloum.
- 1977: Renewed FROLINAT attacks on Chad's government.
- January 1981: Gadhaf and FROLINAT leader Goukouni Oueddei announce a plan to merge Chad and Libya.
French Involvement
- France, the pre-eminent colonial power in the Saharan region, responded to Chad's request for military aid in 1978.
- France dispatched 1700 troops to create a defense perimeter around Chad's capital, N'Djamena.
Conflict Resolution
- The conflict was resolved in 1994, after 23 years of intermittent hostility and violence.
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Description
Explore the decision-making process in Chad, including the role of presidents and ethnic communities in shaping policy decisions. Learn about the influence of leaders on issues like the Aouzou Strip and the restricted political elites.
