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Chad/Lybia
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Chad/Lybia

Explore the decision-making process in Chad, including the role of presidents and ethnic communities in shaping policy decisions. Learn about the influence of leaders on issues like the Aouzou Strip and the restricted political elites.

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@RapturousButtercup
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the most populous ethnic group in Chad?

Sara

What was the primary form of political hostility exhibited by Libya in the Chad-Libya conflict?

Attempts at coups

What is the name of the disputed region between Chad and Libya?

Aouzou Strip

During which phase did violence become a more frequent occurrence in the Chad-Libya conflict?

<p>Phase II (1978-1987)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ethnic group most populous in the Aouzou Strip?

<p>Tebu</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of Libya's support for the attempted coup by FROLINAT in Chad?

<p>To gain access to the uranium and oil resources in the Aouzou Strip</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the group of young Libyan military officers that seized power in Libya in 1969?

<p>Col. Muammar Gadhaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of Libya's attempted coup in Chad in 1971?

<p>Chad severed diplomatic relations with Libya</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the disputed territory long claimed by Libya?

<p>The Aouzou Strip</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the conflict between Chad and Libya begin?

<p>1971</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the coup against Chad President Tombalbaye on August 27, 1971?

<p>The coup was foiled</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country played a significant role in restoring diplomatic relations between Chad and Libya in April 1972?

<p>France</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the disputed territory that was occupied by Libya in April 1972 and later ceded by Chad in November 1972?

<p>The Aouzou Strip</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who overthrew President Tombalbaye in a coup in April 1975?

<p>Malloum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Chad's invasion of Libya in September 1987?

<p>Libya was defeated</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Libya recognize FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government?

<p>1971</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the distance FROLINAT forces advanced to Chad's capital, N'Djamena, in 1978?

<p>100 miles</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many French troops were dispatched to Chad in response to President Malloum's request?

<p>1700</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Libyan invasion of northern and central Chad in 1978?

<p>FROLINAT and Libyan forces withdrew under French pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was announced in January 1981 by Gadhafi and Goukouni Oueddei?

<p>A plan to merge Chad and Libya</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Sara is the most populous ethnic group in the Aouzou Strip.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Libya severed diplomatic relations with Chad in 1972.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The disputed Aouzou Strip is located outside of Chad.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Libya supported Chad rebel groups financially and militarily during the conflict.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Aouzou Strip is a region in southern Chad.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chad's presidents did not consult with leaders of ethnic communities on certain issues.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chad and Libya had a 10-year conflict between 1971 and 1981.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muammar Gadhaf led the group of young Libyan military officers that seized power in Libya in 1969.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The attempted coup by FROLINAT in 1971 was successful in overthrowing Chad President Tombalbaye.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Libya's primary goal in supporting the attempted coup by FROLINAT was to gain access to the valuable material resources in the Aouzou Strip.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chad and Libya shared a conciliatory decision in mid-April 1971.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

FROLINAT forces advanced to within 50 miles of Chad’s capital, N’Djamena.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

France dispatched 1,000 troops in response to Chad's President Malloum's request.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Libya invaded northern and central Chad with 1,000 troops in 1978.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gadhafi and Goukouni Oueddei announced a plan to merge Chad and Libya in December 1981.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Libya recognized FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government in April 1972.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chad occupied the disputed Aouzou Strip in 1973.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

President Tombalbaye was overthrown in a coup by Gadhafi in April 1975.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chad restored diplomatic relations with Libya in April 1972 due to pressure from the United States.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Libya occupied the Aouzou Strip from 1972 to 1987.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the lack of a commanding figure in Chad affect the decision-making process?

<p>It led to the consultation of leaders of some of Chad's ethnic communities, including the Sara and Tebu, on certain issues, such as the disputed Aouzou Strip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the two most frequent and impactful con ct-sustaining techniques (CST) in the Chad-Libya conflict?

<p>Political hostility and violence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary form of political hostility exhibited by Libya in the Chad-Libya conflict?

<p>Attempted coups in Chad, financial and military backing of Chad rebel groups, and the severance of diplomatic relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Aouzou Strip in the context of the Chad-Libya conflict?

<p>It is a disputed territory, claimed by Libya, and inhabited primarily by the Tebu ethnic group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Libya's support for Chad rebel groups contribute to the persistence of the conflict?

<p>It contributed to the persistence of the conflict by financially and militarily backing these groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind Libya's support for FROLINAT in Chad?

<p>penetration of Chad's political system and society</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Chad's brief invasion of Libya in September 1987?

<p>success</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country played a crucial role in restoring diplomatic relations between Chad and Libya in April 1972?

<p>France</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of Libya's recognition of FROLINAT as the legitimate government of Chad?

<p>strained relations between Chad and Libya</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Aouzou Strip in the Chad-Libya conflict?

<p>it was a mineral-rich border area</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of Libya's decision to recognize FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government in 1971?

<p>It generated a responsive decision by Chad, leading to an increase in hostility between the two countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the 1,700 French troops dispatched to Chad in 1978?

<p>To create a defense perimeter around Chad's capital, N'Djamena, in response to the Libyan-backed FROLINAT forces' advance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Libyan invasion of northern and central Chad in 1978?

<p>The Libyan forces withdrew in response to French military pressure, and the Chad state survived.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the announcement made by Gadhafi and Goukouni Oueddei in January 1981?

<p>It was a plan to merge Chad and Libya, marking a significant escalation in the conflict between the two countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the geographical region that Libya aspired to control and laid claim to, and what were the valuable material resources found there?

<p>The Aouzou Strip, which is located in the northern part of Chad, and the valuable material resources found there are uranium, oil, and iron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of France in the Chad-Libya conflict?

<p>France played a significant role in restoring diplomatic relations between Chad and Libya in 1972, and later intervened militarily to protect Chad's capital from Libyan-backed forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the major decision made by Libya in 1971, and how did it trigger a foreign policy crisis for Chad?

<p>The major decision made by Libya was to support an attempted coup by the pro-Libya Front Liberation Nationale de Tchad (FROLINAT) to overthrow Chad President Tombalbaye, which triggered a foreign policy crisis for Chad and led to Chad's decision to sever diplomatic relations with Libya.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Libya's attempted coup in Chad in 1971, and what did it fail to achieve?

<p>The outcome of Libya's attempted coup in Chad in 1971 was that it failed to achieve its objective of bringing the friendly FROLINAT to power in Chad, and thereby Libya's expected benefits of virtually unlimited access to the valuable material resources in the Aouzou Strip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the year 1969 in the context of the Chad-Libya conflict?

<p>The year 1969 was significant because it was the year when a group of young Libyan military officers, headed by Col. Muammar Gadhafi, seized power in Libya, overthrowing King Idris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of the relationship between Libya's hostile initiatives and Chad's reactions in the context of the 23-year conflict?

<p>The nature of the relationship between Libya's hostile initiatives and Chad's reactions was that they were inter-linked in a direct cause-effect relationship, with many of Chad's decisions being reactions to Libya's hostile initiatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chad Decision Process

  • The primacy of Chad's presidents during their tenure and the lack of a commanding figure suggest that they consulted with leaders of ethnic communities on certain issues, such as the disputed Aouzou Strip.
  • The existence of multiple ethnic communities implies that presidents considered the benefits of consulting with them or the costs of ignoring them in highly restricted political elites.

Ethnic Communities in Chad

  • The Sara is the most populous and influential ethnic group in Chad.
  • The Tebu is the most populous ethnic group in the Aouzou Strip, a disputed region.

Libya's Involvement in Chad

  • Libya's first strategic decision in 1971 was to support an attempted coup by the pro-Libya Front Liberation Nationale de Tchad (FROLINAT) to overthrow Chad President Tombalbaye.
  • The decision was made by a group of young Libyan military officers, headed by Col. Muammar Gadhaf.
  • The attempted coup and Libya's concealed intervention failed to achieve Libya's objective of bringing FROLINAT to power in Chad and gaining access to the disputed Aouzou Strip.

Chad-Libya Conflict

  • Libya's first major decision triggered a foreign policy crisis for Chad, leading to Chad's decision to sever diplomatic relations with Libya.
  • Libya retaliated by recognizing FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government on September 17, 1971.
  • External pressure from France led to the resumption of diplomatic relations between Chad and Libya in April 1972.

Key Events in the Conflict

  • August 27, 1971: Libya's attempted coup against Chad President Tombalbaye.
  • September 17, 1971: Libya recognizes FROLINAT as Chad's legitimate government.
  • April 1972: Chad and Libya resume diplomatic relations.
  • 1975: Chad's President Tombalbaye is overthrown in a coup by Malloum.
  • 1976: Gadhaf attempts to assassinate Malloum.
  • 1977: Renewed FROLINAT attacks on Chad's government.
  • January 1981: Gadhaf and FROLINAT leader Goukouni Oueddei announce a plan to merge Chad and Libya.

French Involvement

  • France, the pre-eminent colonial power in the Saharan region, responded to Chad's request for military aid in 1978.
  • France dispatched 1700 troops to create a defense perimeter around Chad's capital, N'Djamena.

Conflict Resolution

  • The conflict was resolved in 1994, after 23 years of intermittent hostility and violence.

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