Chaco Culture and Archaeological Ethics

Chaco Culture National Historical Park

• Located in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico
• Ancient Puebloan peoples lived there
• Significant archaeological site
• Map depicts the location of the park in relation to other geographical features

Chaco Canyon Matrilineal Dynasty

• Ancient DNA and 14C dating analyses of burials in Pueblo Bonito
• Nine individuals had identical mtDNA, indicating a matrilineal lineage
• Evidence of mother-daughter and grandmother-grandson relationships
• Elite matriline persisted for approximately 330 years (AD 800–1130)
• Burials contained elite grave goods, like turquoise and shells

Ethical Concerns in Archaeological Research

• Ethical concerns surrounding the study of ancient DNA from Indigenous human remains
• Scientists need to collaborate with Native peoples before conducting such research
• Preserving cultural heritage is equally important as scientific advancements of archeological findings
• The recent case suggests more sensitivity and respect is urgently needed
• The time for simply studying ancient human remains without tribal engagement has passed.
• This is a decision, not a lack of awareness.

NAGPRA (Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act)

• 1990 law, applicable to federally owned land
• Chaco is a National Park, making it subject to NAGPRA
• The American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) is a federally supported institution
• AMNH, in 2000, could not determine which tribe was a lineal descendant
• Consequently, no tribes were consulted in relation to the findings

Kennewick Man

• Discovered in the Columbia River (Washington)
• Approximately 9,000 years old
• Local groups claim the remains under the NAGPRA
• Lawsuit by scientists over the remains was successful
• DNA study determined Kennewick Man was Native American
• The remains were returned to tribes and reburied in a secret location

Kurt Dongoske's Perspective

• Archaeologist for the Zuni Pueblo
• Argued that Native peoples already possess their heritage through indigenous oral history, ceremonies, and prayers
• Contends that claiming science as the only path to understanding the past is insulting to Indigenous communities
• Colonialism's effects are perpetuated when science is not mindful of preserving heritage

Eske Willerslev's Perspective

• Emphasized the need for tribal engagement in ancient DNA studies of human remains
• Many tribes consider human remains as ancestors, regardless of genetic or cultural links
• Ignoring tribal consultation is a conscious decision, and not lacking awareness.

Explore the rich history of Chaco Culture National Historical Park and delve into the matrilineal dynasty revealed through ancient DNA studies. This quiz also addresses the ethical considerations in archaeological research concerning Indigenous remains. Test your knowledge on these significant historical and ethical topics.