Questions and Answers
Malignant tumors are rarely contained within a capsule and their rate of growth varies. What is a key characteristic of malignant tumors?
What is the only definitive way to determine the presence of malignant cells?
tissue biopsy
What is a valuable nonopioid analgesic in the treatment of certain levels of cancer pain?
Which of the following characteristics are common in malignant tumors?
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What term is used for various substances that are known to contribute to cancer?
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What test should men over age 50 have annually?
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How often should women between the ages of 20 and 39 have a clinical breast examination?
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What is the term for uncontrolled or abnormal growth of cells?
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Which of the following foods are recommended for the prevention of colorectal cancer in men? (Select all that apply)
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Which intervention does the nurse teach to a patient with oropharyngeal carcinoma experiencing thick saliva and oral mucosa issues?
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Which is a type of biopsy?
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Which procedure is indicated after an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and a digital rectal examination (DRE)?
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Chemotherapeutic agents work by:
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What best describes the characteristics of cachexia in cancer patients?
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A patient with leukopenia has a special need for which nursing intervention?
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Which action is recommended for a patient who found a lump in her breast?
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The bone marrow for an autologous transplant will come from:
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What does a tumor staged as T4N3M2 indicate?
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What nursing diagnosis would be identified for a patient experiencing stomatitis due to chemotherapy?
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One of cancer's seven warning signals includes:
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Which food is recommended by the National Cancer Institute to reduce cancer risk?
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An effective antiemetic drug given intravenously for symptom control of cancer treatment is called:
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A palliative surgery for ovarian cancer is intended to:
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The nurse must remember to do which when planning care for a patient undergoing internal radiation therapy?
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In caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease, which nursing diagnosis is most applicable based on the patient's reports of stomatitis?
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What indicates effective pain management for a patient with severe abdominal pain from terminal cancer?
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What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient who has lost weight during radiation therapy and does not eat?
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Which is a vital nursing intervention for a patient receiving external radiation treatments?
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What should the nurse tell the patient regarding expectations for a radioactive implant?
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What is an appropriate goal for a patient undergoing external radiation therapy who reports fatigue?
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What nursing implication is most appropriate regarding skin markings left from radiation therapy?
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Which nursing intervention is NOT included in the nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements?
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Which methods aid in the early detection of cancer?
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What is the next step in treatment for a patient with tumor lysis syndrome whose initial treatment has not been successful?
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What is an appropriate teaching measure for a patient with thrombocytopenia getting ready for morning care?
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How does a benign tumor differ from a malignant tumor?
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Why is seeking medical attention for cancer warning signs often delayed?
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Study Notes
Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment
- External radiation and chemotherapy can lead to severe oral mucosa damage, including ulcerations and thick saliva.
- Patients are advised to avoid hot beverages to prevent further trauma to the oral cavity.
Biopsy Types
- Aspiration is a common biopsy method; others include excision, needle, and incision biopsies.
Prostate Cancer Screening
- Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels require follow-up with a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to aid in prostate cancer detection.
Chemotherapy Mechanism
- Chemotherapeutic agents primarily interfere with cancer cell reproduction, inhibiting their ability to multiply.
Cachexia in Cancer Patients
- Cachexia is characterized by poor health, malnutrition, and significant weight loss, commonly seen in patients with advanced cancer.
Leukopenia Precautions
- Patients with leukopenia require protection against infections due to their reduced white blood cell count.
Breast Lump Evaluation
- Any discovered lump during self-examination warrants immediate examination by a physician.
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant
- Autologous transplants use the patient's own marrow, which can be collected and preserved for later use.
TNM Staging Classification
- A tumor classified as T4N3M2 indicates a large tumor size, regional lymph node involvement, and presence of distant metastasis.
Nursing Diagnosis Related to Stomatitis
- Stomatitis may lead to imbalanced nutrition due to pain and difficulty eating.
Warning Signs of Cancer
- A nagging cough or hoarseness is one of the recognized warning signals for cancer.
Cancer Risk-Reducing Foods
- Broccoli is recommended by the National Cancer Institute as beneficial for reducing cancer risk.
Antiemetic Medications
- Granisetron is an effective antiemetic that blocks receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract, aiding in nausea management.
Palliative Surgery Purpose
- Palliative surgery focuses on symptom relief rather than curing the disease.
Internal Radiation Precautions
- Nursing staff should maintain distance from patients with internal radiation devices and spend limited time in their rooms.
Support for Radiation Therapy Patients
- Patients undergoing radiation often experience fatigue; frequent rest periods are encouraged.
Skin Markings from Radiation
- Skin markings from radiation therapy serve as guides for treatment and should not be washed off.
Nutrition in Cancer Care
- Interventions for imbalanced nutrition include providing small, frequent meals and allowing ample time for eating.
Early Cancer Detection Methods
- Mammograms, particularly for women over 50, are an essential part of early cancer screening.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) Management
- Dialysis may be necessary for patients with TLS if initial treatments are ineffective.
Thrombocytopenia Care
- Patients with thrombocytopenia should use electric shavers to avoid cuts and bleeding.
Benign vs. Malignant Tumors
- Benign tumors do not spread to other tissues, unlike malignant tumors which can metastasize.
Delayed Medical Attention
- Many avoid seeking help for cancer warning signs due to fear of diagnosis.
Characteristics of Malignant Tumors
- Malignant tumors grow irregularly, invade surrounding tissues, and can metastasize, distinguishing them from benign tumors.
Definitive Cancer Diagnosis
- A tissue biopsy is the only definitive method for detecting malignant cells.
Pain Management in Cancer
- Acetaminophen is a valuable nonopioid analgesic used for certain levels of cancer pain management.
Malignant Tumor Behavior
- Malignant tumors progress by destroying surrounding tissues and can spread to distant body parts, causing secondary tumors.### Tumor Classification
- Malignant cells exhibit uncontrolled division and growth, differing from normal cells.
- Malignant tumors are typically not enclosed within a capsule, allowing for spread.
Carcinogens
- Carcinogens are substances that elevate the risk of cancer development.
- Examples include tobacco, fumes from rubber and chlorine, and various types of dust (cotton, coal, nickel, chromate, asbestos, vinyl chloride).
Cancer Prevention in Men
- Men over 50 are advised to undergo annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and rectal examinations to monitor prostate health.
Breast Cancer Screening
- Women aged 20 to 39 should receive a clinical breast examination every three years by a healthcare professional, as recommended by the American Cancer Society.
Neoplasm Definition
- Neoplasm refers to the abnormal or uncontrolled growth of cells, which can be classified as benign or malignant.
Colorectal Cancer Prevention
- Foods recommended for colorectal cancer prevention in men include:
- Fruits like oranges, peaches, and pears
- Protein sources like chicken and pinto beans
- Whole grain options, including pretzels and applesauce
- A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, combined with reduced high-fat food intake, is advised for prevention.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the nursing interventions for patients undergoing treatment for oropharyngeal carcinoma. It includes scenarios related to managing side effects of radiation and chemotherapy, such as oral mucosa issues. Test your knowledge on effective patient care strategies.