Ch 44: Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the movement of an extremity away from the midline of the body called?

abduction

What is the large, fan-shaped muscle that covers the anterior chest and acts on the shoulder joint?

pectoralis major

Which diagnostic exam is used to find pathological abnormalities of the brain?

MRI

What is the term for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty?

partial knee replacement Signup and view all the answers

What is phantom pain?

Phantom pain occurs because the nerve tracts that register pain in the amputated limb continue to send a message to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What position should the legs be kept in after a bipolar hip replacement to prevent dislocation?

abducted Signup and view all the answers

What signs and symptoms should a nurse observe for in a patient with compartment syndrome?

Volkmann's contracture Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse assess for in a patient post-ORIF for a compound fracture?

elevated temperature and presence of erythema at incision site. Signup and view all the answers

What is callus formation?

a part of the bone healing process after a fracture when new bone is being formed over the fracture site. Signup and view all the answers

What subjective data might a nurse collect from a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome?

complaints of burning pain or tingling in the hands. Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse explain to a patient experiencing phantom pain post-amputation?

this is a phantom pain and that its cause is not clearly understood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assessing capillary filling or performing a blanching test?

to assess for adequate arterial peripheral circulation. Signup and view all the answers

What causes a fat embolism?

The break in the bone forces molecules of fat into the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first priority nursing intervention for an impending fat embolism?

administer oxygen in a respiratory emergency. Signup and view all the answers

What is an immobilizing device applied before surgery for hip fractures called?

Buck's traction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary medical management for soft tissue injuries?

elevation and ice to control edema. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three vital functions muscles perform when they contract?

Maintenance of posture, Motion, Production of heat Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnic group is at the highest risk of developing osteoporosis? (Select all that apply)

Caucasian women Signup and view all the answers

What foods may increase the pain associated with gout? (Select all that apply)

Kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate medical management of any fracture?

splint and elevate the involved part. Signup and view all the answers

Match each nursing intervention related to musculoskeletal conditions:

Elevation and ice = Soft tissue injuries Buck's traction = Hip fracture immobilization Capillary refill assessment = Vascular status evaluation Administering pain medication = Providing comfort in post-operative care Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention would be appropriate for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply)

Physical therapy as prescribed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are symptoms of neuromuscular impairment that should be reported? (Select all that apply)

Slow capillary refill Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Musculoskeletal Disorders Overview

Abduction refers to the movement of an extremity away from the midline of the body.
The pectoralis major muscle is responsible for flexing, adducting, and rotating the shoulder joint.

Diagnostic Tools

MRI is essential for identifying pathological abnormalities in the brain.

Surgical Procedures

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is synonymous with partial knee replacement.
Bipolar hip replacement involves inserting a prosthetic implant after an intracapsular hip fracture to prevent dislocation, requiring leg abduction during positioning.

Pain Management

Phantom pain is common in amputated limbs due to nerve signals from the original area still transmitting pain messages to the brain.
Patients may experience phantom pain post-amputation, explained as a sensation without clear causation.

Compartment Syndrome

Monitor for Volkmann's contracture in patients with compartment syndrome, especially after fractures.

Post-Surgery Assessments

For patients with fractures treated with ORIF, check for elevated temperature and erythema to avoid complications.
Following tibia and fibula fractures, assess for callus formation, indicative of the bone healing process.

Neurological and Circulatory Assessment

In the context of fractures, assess capillary refill to evaluate arterial peripheral circulation.
Fat embolism may occur after bone fractures, with fat molecules entering the bloodstream through broken bones.

Traction and Mobility

Buck's traction is utilized to support patients with hip fractures and ensure comfort preoperatively.
Safety measures for elderly patients include assessing preexisting health conditions.

Chronic Conditions Management

Provide education to patients with chronic conditions like osteomyelitis to avoid trauma to the affected area.
For patients with rheumatoid arthritis, balance rest with exercise as a part of therapy.

Gout and Osteoporosis

Gout is characterized by inflammation due to uric acid crystal deposits known as tophi.
Caucasian and Asian women are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis, which can be mitigated with increased calcium intake and exercise.

Nutrition and Healing

Foods high in purines, such as organ meats (brain, liver, kidney), can exacerbate gout symptoms.
Broccoli and yogurt are excellent sources of calcium that help combat bone loss during aging.

Patient Care Considerations

Immediate treatment of fractures includes splinting and elevating the injured area.
The presence of slow capillary refill, diminished pulses, or unrelieved pain after medication should be communicated to healthcare providers.

Muscle Function

Muscle contractions serve three vital functions: maintaining posture, enabling motion, and producing heat.

Elderly Patient Risks

Prolonged bed rest increases the risk of pathological fractures in older adults, necessitating preventive measures.
Common fractures in older women often occur in the hip area.

Knee Replacement Indications

Patients with degraded patellar-femoral cartilage may require partial unicompartmental knee replacement surgery, as surrounding cartilage remains intact.

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Description

Test your knowledge on musculoskeletal disorders with these flashcards. Each card focuses on key terms and definitions that are essential for understanding patient care in this field. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike.