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Questions and Answers
What is the movement of an extremity away from the midline of the body called?
abduction
What is the large, fan-shaped muscle that covers the anterior chest and acts on the shoulder joint?
pectoralis major
Which diagnostic exam is used to find pathological abnormalities of the brain?
MRI
What is the term for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty?
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What is phantom pain?
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What position should the legs be kept in after a bipolar hip replacement to prevent dislocation?
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What signs and symptoms should a nurse observe for in a patient with compartment syndrome?
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What should a nurse assess for in a patient post-ORIF for a compound fracture?
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What is callus formation?
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What subjective data might a nurse collect from a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome?
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What should a nurse explain to a patient experiencing phantom pain post-amputation?
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What is the purpose of assessing capillary filling or performing a blanching test?
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What causes a fat embolism?
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What is the first priority nursing intervention for an impending fat embolism?
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What is an immobilizing device applied before surgery for hip fractures called?
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What is the primary medical management for soft tissue injuries?
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What are the three vital functions muscles perform when they contract?
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Which ethnic group is at the highest risk of developing osteoporosis? (Select all that apply)
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What foods may increase the pain associated with gout? (Select all that apply)
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What is the immediate medical management of any fracture?
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Match each nursing intervention related to musculoskeletal conditions:
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Which nursing intervention would be appropriate for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply)
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Which of the following are symptoms of neuromuscular impairment that should be reported? (Select all that apply)
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Study Notes
Musculoskeletal Disorders Overview
- Abduction refers to the movement of an extremity away from the midline of the body.
- The pectoralis major muscle is responsible for flexing, adducting, and rotating the shoulder joint.
Diagnostic Tools
- MRI is essential for identifying pathological abnormalities in the brain.
Surgical Procedures
- Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is synonymous with partial knee replacement.
- Bipolar hip replacement involves inserting a prosthetic implant after an intracapsular hip fracture to prevent dislocation, requiring leg abduction during positioning.
Pain Management
- Phantom pain is common in amputated limbs due to nerve signals from the original area still transmitting pain messages to the brain.
- Patients may experience phantom pain post-amputation, explained as a sensation without clear causation.
Compartment Syndrome
- Monitor for Volkmann's contracture in patients with compartment syndrome, especially after fractures.
Post-Surgery Assessments
- For patients with fractures treated with ORIF, check for elevated temperature and erythema to avoid complications.
- Following tibia and fibula fractures, assess for callus formation, indicative of the bone healing process.
Neurological and Circulatory Assessment
- In the context of fractures, assess capillary refill to evaluate arterial peripheral circulation.
- Fat embolism may occur after bone fractures, with fat molecules entering the bloodstream through broken bones.
Traction and Mobility
- Buck's traction is utilized to support patients with hip fractures and ensure comfort preoperatively.
- Safety measures for elderly patients include assessing preexisting health conditions.
Chronic Conditions Management
- Provide education to patients with chronic conditions like osteomyelitis to avoid trauma to the affected area.
- For patients with rheumatoid arthritis, balance rest with exercise as a part of therapy.
Gout and Osteoporosis
- Gout is characterized by inflammation due to uric acid crystal deposits known as tophi.
- Caucasian and Asian women are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis, which can be mitigated with increased calcium intake and exercise.
Nutrition and Healing
- Foods high in purines, such as organ meats (brain, liver, kidney), can exacerbate gout symptoms.
- Broccoli and yogurt are excellent sources of calcium that help combat bone loss during aging.
Patient Care Considerations
- Immediate treatment of fractures includes splinting and elevating the injured area.
- The presence of slow capillary refill, diminished pulses, or unrelieved pain after medication should be communicated to healthcare providers.
Muscle Function
- Muscle contractions serve three vital functions: maintaining posture, enabling motion, and producing heat.
Elderly Patient Risks
- Prolonged bed rest increases the risk of pathological fractures in older adults, necessitating preventive measures.
- Common fractures in older women often occur in the hip area.
Knee Replacement Indications
- Patients with degraded patellar-femoral cartilage may require partial unicompartmental knee replacement surgery, as surrounding cartilage remains intact.
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Description
Test your knowledge on musculoskeletal disorders with these flashcards. Each card focuses on key terms and definitions that are essential for understanding patient care in this field. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike.