Ch. 31 Urinary Elimination and Care Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is urinary elimination?

Cleanses the blood of anything the body does not need, made up of 95% water, 5% being solutes like mineral salts and nitrogenous waste products.

Which of the following is NOT a waste product?

Uric Acid

Glucose (correct)

Urea

Creatinine

What does dysuria refer to?

Painful or difficult urination.

What is nocturia?

Waking at night to urination. Signup and view all the answers

What does oliguria mean?

Urinary output less than 30 mL per hour. Signup and view all the answers

What does polyuria refer to?

Urinary output greater than 3000 mL per day. Signup and view all the answers

What are the normal urine characteristics?

Straw-colored, clear, yields 1000-3000 mL per day, mild smell, pH between 4.5 to 8.0, specific gravity from 1.001 to 1.029. Signup and view all the answers

How does the color of urine indicate hydration status?

The more yellow the color, the lower the patient's hydration level. Signup and view all the answers

What does abnormal urine odor indicate?

Possible problems in health, such as infection or dehydration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of daily urine production in adults?

1000 to 3000 mL. Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by anuria?

The absence of urine or minimal urine production. Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect urine pH?

Diet, specifically protein or cranberries (lower pH) and citrus fruits, dairy, or vegetables (higher pH). Signup and view all the answers

What is specific gravity in urine indicative of?

It indicates the concentration of urine. Signup and view all the answers

What are low specific gravity levels caused by?

Excessive fluid intake or impaired kidney function. Signup and view all the answers

What can high specific gravity indicate?

Dehydration, hemorrhage, or diabetes mellitus. Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of abnormal contents found in urine?

Fat globules, red or white blood cells, bacteria, crystals. Signup and view all the answers

What are normal voiding patterns for an average individual?

Four to six times per day. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urinary Elimination

Essential for cleansing blood of unnecessary substances; composed of 95% water and 5% solutes like mineral salts and nitrogenous waste.
Nitrogenous waste includes urea, uric acid, and creatinine, resulting from cellular metabolism.

Waste Products

Urea: Produced from amino acid metabolism.
Uric acid: Formed from the breakdown of ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Creatinine: Arises from muscle metabolism.

Key Terms

Dysuria: Painful or difficult urination.
Nocturia: Need to wake up at night to urinate.
Oliguria: Urine output less than 30 mL per hour.
Polyuria: Urine output exceeding 3000 mL per day.

Normal Urine Characteristics

Color: Straw-colored and clear without sediment.
Clarity: Should be clear; turbidity indicates potential issues.
Amount: Normal production ranges between 1000-3000 mL per day, or 30 mL per hour.
Odor: Mild and slightly aromatic; unusual odors may indicate health problems.
pH: Ranges from 4.5 to 8.0, influenced by diet—high protein lowers pH; citrus increases it.
Specific Gravity: Normal range is 1.001 to 1.029, indicating concentration level of urine.

Urine Color Indicators

Adequate fluid intake correlates with light straw color; darker yellow signifies dehydration.

Odor Characteristics

Mild odor is normal; sweet, fruity, or strong ammonia odors can indicate medical issues.

Urinary Output Information

Adult urine output reflects various metabolic activities; monitoring is essential in clinical settings.

Oliguria and Causes

Defined as output less than 30 mL/hour; potential causes include dehydration, urinary obstruction, and renal failure.
Can result from severe dehydration due to burns or illnesses.

Polyuria and Causes

Increased output of more than 3000 mL/day; may stem from excessive fluid intake, alcohol consumption, or diuretics.

Anuria

Absence or minimal urine production, potentially signaling serious conditions like kidney failure or temporary illnesses.

Urine pH and Diagnosis

Urine pH affected by diet; useful in diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs) and certain kidney stones.

Specific Gravity

Indicates urine concentration; normal range is 1.001 to 1.029.
High specific gravity can indicate dehydration or conditions like diabetes mellitus; low suggests excessive fluid intake.

Abnormal Urine Contents

May include fat globules, blood cells (hematuria), bacteria, and crystals, which require further evaluation.

Normal Voiding Patterns

Typical urination frequency is four to six times a day without nighttime disruptions.

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Description

Test your understanding of urinary elimination and care with this quiz based on Chapter 31. It covers essential terms and definitions related to how the body cleanses itself through urine. Perfect for nursing students or anyone studying human physiology.