Podcast
Questions and Answers
Presence of food...alcohol absorption due to...gastric emptying.
Presence of food...alcohol absorption due to...gastric emptying.
delays; slowing
On average, how many grams of alcohol can a healthy person metabolize an hour?
On average, how many grams of alcohol can a healthy person metabolize an hour?
7-10g
Following oral consumption, when are peak blood ethanol levels reached?
Following oral consumption, when are peak blood ethanol levels reached?
- 30 min (correct)
- 15 min
- 60 min
- 45 min
What explains the difference in peak alcohol content for equivalent amounts of alcohol consumed between men and women?
What explains the difference in peak alcohol content for equivalent amounts of alcohol consumed between men and women?
What explains the high speed of rise of ethanol concentration in the CNS?
What explains the high speed of rise of ethanol concentration in the CNS?
How many standard drinks can a typical adult metabolize in an hour?
How many standard drinks can a typical adult metabolize in an hour?
Why do the signs of methanol toxicity appear 6-30 hours post ingestion?
Why do the signs of methanol toxicity appear 6-30 hours post ingestion?
What are the ways alcohol is cleared from the body?
What are the ways alcohol is cleared from the body?
Alcohol clearance in the body follows...order kinetics.
Alcohol clearance in the body follows...order kinetics.
What does zero-order kinetics in alcohol clearance mean?
What does zero-order kinetics in alcohol clearance mean?
A typical adult can metabolize...g of alcohol which equals to...standard drinks an hour.
A typical adult can metabolize...g of alcohol which equals to...standard drinks an hour.
How many major pathways for alcohol metabolism are identified?
How many major pathways for alcohol metabolism are identified?
How long does it take to metabolize one standard drink for an average person?
How long does it take to metabolize one standard drink for an average person?
What is the primary pathway for alcohol metabolism?
What is the primary pathway for alcohol metabolism?
What are the sites of alcohol metabolism in the body?
What are the sites of alcohol metabolism in the body?
Majority of alcohol in the body is metabolized in....
Majority of alcohol in the body is metabolized in....
Which enzyme accumulates in large quantities during ethanol consumption?
Which enzyme accumulates in large quantities during ethanol consumption?
Ethanol is...by ADH to form...and NADH.
Ethanol is...by ADH to form...and NADH.
During dehydrogenation of ethanol by ADH, one ion of...is transferred to NAD* to form....
During dehydrogenation of ethanol by ADH, one ion of...is transferred to NAD* to form....
What is MEOS?
What is MEOS?
What is the function of MEOS?
What is the function of MEOS?
In chronic ethanol consumption, the activity of MEOS is....
In chronic ethanol consumption, the activity of MEOS is....
How does ethanol affect myocardial contractility?
How does ethanol affect myocardial contractility?
Ethanol is the example of a...potency drug.
Ethanol is the example of a...potency drug.
What are the hallmarks of Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome?
What are the hallmarks of Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome?
How does chronic ethanol consumption affect acetaminophen toxicity?
How does chronic ethanol consumption affect acetaminophen toxicity?
How does ethanol affect CYP enzymes in the liver?
How does ethanol affect CYP enzymes in the liver?
What explains increased acetaminophen toxicity in chronic ethanol consumption?
What explains increased acetaminophen toxicity in chronic ethanol consumption?
Study Notes
Alcohol Absorption and Metabolism
- Presence of food delays alcohol absorption by slowing gastric emptying.
- A healthy person metabolizes approximately 7-10 grams of alcohol per hour.
- Peak blood ethanol levels are typically reached 30 minutes after oral alcohol consumption.
- Differences in first-pass metabolism (metabolism before reaching systemic circulation) and lower total body water content in women explain variations in peak alcohol levels between genders.
Ethanol Concentration and CNS Effects
- Rapid rise of ethanol concentration in the central nervous system (CNS) due to high water content in the brain, increased blood flow to the brain, and the ability of ethanol to cross the blood-brain barrier easily.
Alcohol Clearance and Kinetics
- The human body metabolizes ONE standard drink of alcohol per hour; clearance follows zero-order kinetics.
- Zero-order kinetics indicate that a constant amount of alcohol is eliminated regardless of dose and time.
- Alcohol is primarily metabolized by the liver, with approximately 90% undergoing oxidation, while lungs and kidneys also participate in clearance.
Alcohol Metabolism Pathways
- Two major pathways for alcohol metabolism involve ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) and MEOS (microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system).
- ADH pathway is the primary metabolism route; during this process, ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde and NADH.
- MEOS operates in chronic alcohol consumption, metabolizing ethanol with NADPH and O2, using CYP450 enzymes.
Impact of Chronic Alcohol Consumption
- Chronic ethanol consumption induces MEOS activity, enhancing ethanol metabolism.
- Ethanol can depress myocardial contractility when consumed in moderate amounts, indicating potential cardiovascular effects.
- Long-term alcohol use increases acetaminophen toxicity, making it more dangerous for individuals with chronic consumption.
Wernicke-Korsakoff's Syndrome
- Characterized by ataxia (loss of coordination), paralysis of external eye muscles, and acute confusion, indicating neurological implications of alcohol misuse.
Other Relevant Information
- Ethanol is classified as a low potency drug, impacting various neurological and physical conditions.
- Accumulation of NADH occurs during ethanol metabolism, influencing redox state and metabolic processes in the liver.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of alcohols with these flashcards from Chapter 23. Learn about alcohol absorption, metabolism, and blood ethanol levels. Perfect for students studying chemistry or health-related subjects.
