Ch. 15 DNA and The Gene Discovery Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of DNA polymerases in DNA replication?

  • Initiating synthesis of a polynucleotide
  • Breaking down nucleotides
  • Adding nucleotides to the 3' end of a polynucleotide (correct)
  • Adding nucleotides to the 5' end of a polynucleotide

    • What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

  • Proofreads the DNA strand
  • Adds DNA nucleotides to the 3' end
  • Initiates DNA replication
  • Synthesizes a short RNA primer (correct)

    • Which enzyme can initiate synthesis of a polynucleotide from scratch?

  • DNA polymerase III
  • Primase (correct)
  • DNA polymerase I
  • DNA ligase

    • What is the function of the RNA primer in DNA replication?

    <p>Acts as the starting point for the new DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between ATP and dATP?

    <p>ATP has deoxyribose and dATP has ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide structure?

    <p>Deoxyribose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a monomer of dATP joins the DNA strand during replication?

    <p>It loses two phosphate groups and forms a pyrophosphate molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

    <p>DNA polymerases can add nucleotides only to the free 3' end of a growing strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

    <p>The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized as a series of segments called Okazaki fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

    <p>It joins the Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about DNA replication is incorrect?

    <p>The lagging strand is synthesized continuously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of telomeres in DNA replication?

    <p>They protect the ends of linear chromosomes from being degraded during replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules was initially believed to be the genetic material before the discovery of DNA's role?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the number of amino acids in proteins and the number of nucleotides in DNA that led to the initial belief that proteins were the genetic material?

    <p>Proteins have a larger number of possible building blocks compared to DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason DNA was eventually identified as the genetic material rather than proteins?

    <p>DNA can self-replicate, while proteins cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main classes of large biological molecules found in chromatin?

    <p>Proteins and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

    <p>DNA replication is a semiconservative process, where each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of telomeres in DNA replication?

    <p>Telomeres ensure the complete replication of linear DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hershey-Chase experiment demonstrate about the genetic material of the T2 virus?

    <p>The virus's DNA, not its proteins, enters the E. coli cell during infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements are found in nucleic acids like DNA?

    <p>C, H, O, N, P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements are found in proteins?

    <p>C, H, O, N, S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the T2 virus infects the E. coli bacterium?

    <p>The virus injects its DNA into the cell, which then directs the production of new virus particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Hershey and Chase use to label the T2 virus in their experiment?

    <p>They used radioactive $^{32}$P to label the virus's DNA, and radioactive $^{35}$S to label its proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key finding of the Hershey-Chase experiment?

    <p>Only the radioactive DNA, and not the radioactive proteins, was found inside the infected E. coli cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of DNA replication proposed by the semiconservative model?

    <p>The new DNA duplex consists of one old strand (parental) and one new strand (daughter).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural feature of DNA makes the base-pairing mechanism of replication possible?

    <p>The complementary base-pairing between adenine and thymine, and guanine and cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the parent DNA molecule during replication?

    <p>The parent DNA molecule unwinds, and two new daughter strands are synthesized based on the template strands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the semiconservative and conservative models of DNA replication?

    <p>The semiconservative model suggests that the new DNA duplex contains one old strand and one new strand, while the conservative model suggests it contains two new strands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a structural feature of DNA that enables the base-pairing mechanism of replication?

    <p>The presence of a single sugar-phosphate backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the role of base-pairing in DNA replication?

    <p>Base-pairing is used to determine the order of nucleotides in the new DNA strands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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