104 Questions
What is the most common type of shoulder dislocation?
Anterior dislocation
Which of the following is not a risk factor for developing a burst fracture of the vertebral body?
Obesity
Which of the following is a key diagnostic finding in acromioclavicular (AC) joint osteoarthritis?
Tenderness over the AC joint
What is the primary treatment for glenohumeral (GH) joint osteoarthritis?
Shoulder arthroplasty
What is the most common complication of shoulder dislocation?
Recurrent dislocation
Which of the following is not a typical finding in a flexion-distraction spinal injury?
Compression fracture
What is the primary cause of shoulder osteoarthritis?
Traumatic injury
Which of the following is not a typical symptom of acromioclavicular (AC) joint osteoarthritis?
Shoulder muscle weakness
What is the primary treatment for a posterior shoulder dislocation?
Closed reduction
Which of the following is a key diagnostic test for acromioclavicular (AC) joint osteoarthritis?
Scarf test
Which of the following is NOT a cause of kyphosis?
Idiopathic kyphosis
What is the most common level for a thoracic disc herniation?
T11-T12
What is the mean age for adult spinal deformity?
60 years
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of thoracic disc herniation or adult spinal deformity?
Fever
What is the most common type of thoracic spine fracture?
Compression fracture
Which of the following is a cause of scoliosis?
Both A and D
What is the recommended treatment for compression fractures with a kyphotic angle greater than 40 degrees and failed conservative treatment?
Operative treatment
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic tool mentioned for adult spinal deformity?
PET scan
What percentage of patients with thoracic disc herniation or adult spinal deformity experience bowel/bladder changes?
15-20%
What is the treatment recommendation for adult spinal deformity?
Activity modification, physical therapy, symptomatic treatment, and operative treatment if indicated
Which of the following is the most common mechanism of injury for whiplash?
Sudden acceleration and deceleration with rapid flexion and extension of the cervical spine
What is the most common finding on physical examination for cervical spondylosis?
Decreased cervical range of motion
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical radiculopathy?
Radiating arm pain and numbness in a dermatomal distribution
What is the most appropriate initial treatment for a mild cervical strain/sprain?
NSAIDs, soft collar, and physical therapy
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?
Gait imbalance and clumsiness
Which of the following is the most common location for degenerative disc disease in the cervical spine?
C5-C6 and C6-C7
What is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test for suspected cervical stenosis?
Plain radiographs (X-rays)
Which of the following is a common symptom of thoracic spondylosis?
Back pain exacerbated by sitting or bending forward
What is the most appropriate initial treatment for a cervical disc herniation?
NSAIDs, oral steroids, and cervical traction
Which of the following is a characteristic finding in torticollis (wry neck)?
Localized pain and spasm in the trapezius or sternocleidomastoid muscles
What is the most important physical examination test for diagnosing supraspinatus impingement syndrome?
Hawkins-Kennedy Sign
Which test is used to diagnose a tear or tendonitis of the subscapularis muscle?
Lift-Off Test
Which test is used to diagnose proximal biceps tendonitis?
Speed's Test
Which test is used to diagnose an acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation?
Scarf/Cross-Over Test
Which test is used to diagnose a superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tear?
O'Brien's Test
What is the purpose of the Yergason's Test?
To diagnose proximal biceps tendonitis
What is the purpose of the Neer's Sign?
To diagnose supraspinatus impingement
Which of the following tests is used to diagnose an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury?
Scarf/Cross-Over Test
What is the main purpose of Adson's Test?
To assess brachial plexus compression between the shoulder girdle and first rib
What is the main purpose of the Elevated Arm Stress Test (EAST)?
To assess brachial plexus compression between the shoulder girdle and first rib
What is the main purpose of Spurling's Maneuver?
To reproduce radicular pain in the upper extremities associated with brachial plexus injuries
What is the purpose of the Resisted Wrist Extension test?
To assess lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
What is the purpose of the Resisted Wrist Flexion test?
To assess medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)
Which of the following is NOT a key diagnostic feature of thoracic outlet syndrome?
Positive Resisted Wrist Extension test
Which of the following is the most appropriate test to evaluate for a brachial plexus injury?
Spurling's Maneuver
Which of the following tests is used to evaluate for medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)?
Resisted Wrist Flexion test
What does the Varus stress test primarily evaluate?
The lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
What is the purpose of the Valgus stress test?
To evaluate the integrity of the medial collateral ligament (MCL)
What is the purpose of Tinel's sign in the cubital tunnel?
To test for the presence of cubital tunnel syndrome
What is the purpose of Tinel's sign in the carpal tunnel?
To test for the presence of carpal tunnel syndrome
What is the purpose of Phalen's test?
To test for the presence of carpal tunnel syndrome
At what position is the elbow tested during the Varus and Valgus stress tests?
With the arm in full extension and 30 degrees of flexion
What is the primary purpose of the Varus stress test?
To evaluate the stability of the elbow joint
What is the most common symptom associated with a positive Tinel's sign in the carpal tunnel?
Tingling in the median nerve distribution
Which test is used to assess for deQuervain's tenosynovitis?
Finkelstein Test
What is the purpose of the Fovea Sign?
To assess for ulnar ligament tears in the wrist
How is the Thumb MP Joint Ulnar Collateral Ligament Test performed?
By stabilizing the patient's hand and abducting the thumb
What is the purpose of the Allen Test?
To assess for collateral arterial circulation in the hand
What is the purpose of the Thumb CMC Grind Test?
To assess for osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Finkelstein Test for deQuervain's tenosynovitis?
Applying longitudinal pressure to the CMC joint
What is the primary purpose of the Fovea Sign?
To assess for tears of the ulnar ligament in the wrist
Which test is used to assess for a torn ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint?
Thumb MP Joint Ulnar Collateral Ligament Test
Which special test is used to evaluate cervical disc disease?
Spurling's Maneuver
What is the purpose of the Hoffman Reflex test?
To identify long tract spinal cord disease in the cervical region
Which special test is used to evaluate glenohumeral joint instability?
Apprehension/Relocation Test
What is the purpose of the Sulcus Sign test?
To assess glenohumeral joint instability
Which muscle is evaluated by the Empty Can Test?
Supraspinatus
Which of the following conditions is the Empty Can Test used to diagnose?
Impingement syndrome
What is the purpose of the Apprehension/Relocation Test?
To assess glenohumeral joint instability
Which special test involves flicking the middle finger to elicit a reflex response?
Hoffman Reflex
Which of the following conditions is associated with anterior elbow pain?
Distal biceps tendon rupture
What is the recommended treatment for a complete distal biceps tendon rupture?
Surgical repair
Which of the following is the primary symptom of cubital tunnel syndrome?
Numbness and tingling in the ring and small fingers
What is the recommended diagnostic test for suspected cubital tunnel syndrome?
Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS)
Which of the following is a common cause of olecranon bursitis?
All of the above
What is the recommended treatment for recurrent or chronic olecranon bursitis?
Bursectomy (surgical removal of the bursa)
Which of the following is a potential complication of aspiration or injection of the olecranon bursa?
Infection
Which of the following conditions is associated with posterior elbow pain?
Olecranon bursitis
What is the primary treatment for an abscess of the pulp space (finger pad) of the distal phalanx?
Incision and drainage, oral and IV antibiotics
What is the typical mechanism of injury for a Bennet's fracture?
Axial blow or abduction stress to the thumb
What is the typical treatment for a mallet finger injury?
Reduction, digital block, and splinting
What is the typical mechanism of injury for a Jersey finger?
Forceful extension of the distal interphalangeal joint
What is the typical treatment for a volar PIP joint dislocation?
Reduction, extension splinting for 4 weeks
What is the typical treatment for a dorsal PIP joint dislocation?
Reduction after digital block, splinting in 30 degrees of flexion for 2 weeks
What is the typical treatment for a 5th metacarpal neck fracture (Boxer's fracture)?
Reduction, digital block, and splinting
What is the typical treatment for a Bennett's fracture of the thumb metacarpal base?
Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
What is the typical treatment for a crush injury to the finger with >50% nail involvement?
Nail removal and laceration suture
What is the typical treatment for a digital block and incision and drainage when an abscess is organized?
Incision and drainage, oral and IV antibiotics
What is the recommended treatment for a displaced third-degree mallet finger injury?
Surgical fixation
In which condition is a flexion contracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint observed?
Swan neck deformity
Which condition is characterized by a thickened palmar fascia forming nodules over the flexor tendons, causing a flexion contracture?
Dupuytren's contracture
What is the recommended treatment for trigger finger if recurrence occurs after two steroid injections?
Surgical release
Which of the following is a characteristic finding in septic tenosynovitis?
Fusiform swelling of the finger
What is the most common cause of a felon?
Bacterial infection
Which condition is characterized by a painful, thickened flexor tendon or nodule at the A1 pulley?
Trigger finger
What is the recommended treatment for septic tenosynovitis?
Surgical incision and drainage with intravenous antibiotics
What is the most common mechanism of injury for an olecranon fracture?
Fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH)
What is the initial treatment for a non-displaced olecranon fracture?
Posterior splint at 45 degrees and re-imaging in 1 week
Which ligament is commonly torn in overhand throwing athletes?
Ulnar collateral ligament
What is the primary treatment for medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)?
NSAIDs, forearm compression brace, stretches, and physical therapy
What is the most common type of elbow fracture in children?
Supracondylar (distal humerus) fracture
What is the typical mechanism of injury for a radial head fracture?
Valgus force to the elbow
Which view is recommended for imaging a suspected radial head fracture?
AP, lateral, and oblique views
What is the most common type of dislocation seen in the elbow?
Posterior dislocation
Learn about the presentation, physical exam findings, diagnosis, and treatment options for cervical strain or sprain. Understand the location of pain, associated symptoms, diagnostic tests, and common treatment modalities for whiplash injuries.
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