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Questions and Answers
Which nerve forms a loop from C1-C3 and innervates structures like geniohyoid and sternothyroid?
Which nerve forms a loop from C1-C3 and innervates structures like geniohyoid and sternothyroid?
- Ansa cervicalis (correct)
- Hypoglossal nerve
- Glossopharyngeal nerve
- Accessory nerve
What does the phrenic nerve primarily innervate?
What does the phrenic nerve primarily innervate?
- Lung and liver
- Diaphragm and pericardium (correct)
- Stomach and intestines
- Kidneys and spleen
Which muscles are innervated by the segmental branches of the cervical plexus (C1-C4)?
Which muscles are innervated by the segmental branches of the cervical plexus (C1-C4)?
- Trapezius and latissimus dorsi
- Quadratus lumborum and psoas major
- Deltoid and biceps brachii
- Anterior and middle scalenes (correct)
Where does the phrenic nerve run in relation to the fibrous pericardium?
Where does the phrenic nerve run in relation to the fibrous pericardium?
Which nerve descends obliquely with the internal jugular vein across the anterior scalene?
Which nerve descends obliquely with the internal jugular vein across the anterior scalene?
What is the main function of the ansa cervicalis loop?
What is the main function of the ansa cervicalis loop?
What is the main function of the suboccipital nerve?
What is the main function of the suboccipital nerve?
Which nerve arises between the first and second cervical vertebrae to innervate the scalp, ear, and parotid glands?
Which nerve arises between the first and second cervical vertebrae to innervate the scalp, ear, and parotid glands?
Which segmental branches give rise to the greater occipital nerve?
Which segmental branches give rise to the greater occipital nerve?
What is the location where the suboccipital nerve exits the spinal cord?
What is the location where the suboccipital nerve exits the spinal cord?
Which of the following nerves innervates the suboccipital triangle muscles?
Which of the following nerves innervates the suboccipital triangle muscles?
What is the origin of the third occipital nerve?
What is the origin of the third occipital nerve?
What is the main cause of pain resulting from parotitis?
What is the main cause of pain resulting from parotitis?
Which nerve innervates the anterior region of the neck?
Which nerve innervates the anterior region of the neck?
Where does the transverse cervical nerve perforate the deep cervical fascia?
Where does the transverse cervical nerve perforate the deep cervical fascia?
Which nerve innervates the skin and scalp posterosuperior to the auricle?
Which nerve innervates the skin and scalp posterosuperior to the auricle?
What is the function of supraclavicular nerves in the neck region?
What is the function of supraclavicular nerves in the neck region?
Which nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the anterolateral parts of the neck?
Which nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the anterolateral parts of the neck?
Study Notes
Cervical Plexus
- Muscular branches of cervical plexus include:
- Ansa cervicalis (loop formed from C1-C3), innervating geniohyoid (C1 only), thyrohyoid (C1 only), sternothyroid, sternohyoid, and omohyoid
- Phrenic nerve (C3-C5, primarily C4), innervating diaphragm and pericardium
- Segmental branches (C1-C4), innervating anterior and middle scalenes
Phrenic Nerve
- Phrenic nerve descends obliquely with the internal jugular vein across the anterior scalene, deep to the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia and the transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries
- Runs anterior to the root of the lung and between the fibrous pericardium and mediastinal face of the parietal pleura
- Important for breathing, as it passes motor information to the diaphragm and receives sensory information from it
Cervical Nerves
- There are 8 cervical segments forming 8 pairs of cervical nerves in a human spinal cord
- Cervical nerves include:
- Posterior distribution: suboccipital nerve (C1), greater occipital nerve (C2), and third occipital nerve (C3)
- Suboccipital nerve (C1) supplies muscles of the suboccipital triangle
- Greater occipital nerve (C2) innervates the scalp at the top of the head, over the ear and over the parotid glands
- Third occipital nerve innervates the scalp posterosuperior to the auricle
Other Branches
- Transverse cervical nerve (C2,C3) innervates the anterior region of the neck
- Lesser occipital nerve (C2) innervates the skin and scalp posterosuperior to the auricle
- Supraclavicular nerves (C3,C4) arise from the third and fourth cervical nerves, and innervate the skin of the posterior triangle of the neck
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Description
Test your knowledge on the muscular branches of the cervical plexus including Ansa cervicalis, Phrenic nerve, and segmental branches innervating various neck muscles. Identify the innervation patterns and functions of these branches.
