L1 Cervical Plexus and Nervous System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the suboccipitalis?

  • Supplies the thoracic spinal nerves
  • Innervates the skin of the occipital region
  • Supplies deep muscles of the back in the neck region (correct)
  • Supplies sensory nerves to the skin

Which muscles are supplied by the N. occipitalis major?

  • Deep muscles of the back in the neck region (correct)
  • Deep muscles of the abdomen
  • Superficial muscles of the back
  • Muscles of the lower limb

What forms the plexus cervicalis?

  • Anterior branches of four upper cervical spinal nerves (correct)
  • Posterior branches of lower lumbar spinal nerves
  • Anterior branches of six cervical spinal nerves
  • Mixed branches from thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

Which of the following structures innervates the straight muscles of the neck?

<p>Ansa cervicalis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the motor branches of the plexus cervicalis?

<p>Supply muscles of the lateral and deep groups of the neck (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves form nn. clunium superiores?

<p>Rami posteriores of L1, L2, and L3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of plexus brachialis?

<p>Anterior branches of lumbar spinal nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What region does the N. occipitalis minor primarily supply?

<p>Skin of the occipital region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are spinal nerves primarily composed of?

<p>Both afferent and efferent fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fibers carry impulses to the central nervous system?

<p>Afferent fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes visceral afferent fibers from somatic afferent fibers?

<p>Visceral afferent fibers use rr.communicantes albi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From where do sympathetic (preganglionic) fibers arise?

<p>Nucleus intermediolateralis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ramus meningeus?

<p>Supplies the meninges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the dorsal ramus?

<p>It supplies skin and muscles of the back (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do parasympathetic (preganglionic) fibers originate?

<p>Nucleus parasympathicus sacralis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do the sensory fibers of the ramus posterior serve?

<p>Conveying proprioceptive impulses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the anterior and medial region of the brachium?

<p>N.cutaneus brachii medialis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ramus profundus of the ulnar nerve?

<p>Supply muscles of the little finger and palmar interossei (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a component of the fasciculus medialis?

<p>Radix lateralis n.mediani (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve accompanies the ulnar nerve along the sulcus bicipitalis medialis?

<p>N.medianus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What skin regions does the ramus superFacialis of the ulnar nerve supply?

<p>Hypothenar eminence and ulnar side of the ring finger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does the ulnar nerve NOT innervate?

<p>Flexor digitorum superficialis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cord of the brachial plexus surrounds the axillary artery?

<p>Fasciculus infraclavicularis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the Rr.articulares supplied by the ulnar nerve innervate?

<p>The elbow joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area does the N. auricularis magnus primarily supply?

<p>Skin at the region of angulus mandibulae and auricula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve descends along m. scalenius anterior and enters the thoracic cavity?

<p>N. phrenicus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supplies the diaphragm and has sensory branches reaching various thoracic and abdominal structures?

<p>N. phrenicus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the plexus brachialis supplies m. subclavius?

<p>Pars supraclavicularis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve runs downward over the posterior wall of the axilla to reach m. latissimus dorsi?

<p>N. thoracodorsalis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The N. transversus colli supplies skin in which anatomical area?

<p>Trigonum colli mediale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of N. suprascapularis within the supraclavicular part of the plexus brachialis?

<p>Supplies m. supraspinatus and m. infraspinatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the muscles that are innervated by Nn. pectorales?

<p>N. pectoralis medialis et lateralis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two nerves make up the Fasciculus lateralis?

<p>Radix lateralis n.mediani and N.musculocutaneus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of pressure or irritation of the n.medianus in the carpal tunnel?

<p>Carpal tunnel syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does NOT receive innervation from the n.medianus?

<p>m.pronator teres (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many digital branches does the 1st n.digitalis palmaris communis divide into?

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure does the n.medianus run through to reach the palm?

<p>Carpal tunnel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area does the nn.digitales palmares proprii NOT supply?

<p>Skin of the wrist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves descends along the sulcus bicipitalis medialis with the n.medianus?

<p>N.ulnaris (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nn.digitales palmares communes?

<p>Innervate the lumbrical muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the N.interosseus antebrachii anterior?

<p>Supplies the 3rd and 4th layers of the anterior muscles of the forearm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve pierces the m.coracobrachialis?

<p>N.musculocutaneus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve lies on the dorsal side of the hand and supplies the skin of the proximal phalanx of the thumb?

<p>N.radialis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ramus profundus of N.radialis supply?

<p>Muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ramus palmaris of N.medianus?

<p>Supplies skin over the prominent part of the palm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does the N.radialis NOT supply?

<p>Biceps brachii (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does N.interosseus antebrachii posterior primarily supply?

<p>Deep layer of the posterior compartment muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of N.radialis after it descends between m.brachioradialis and m.brachialis?

<p>Divides into two terminal branches in the elbow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Spinal Nerves

31 paired nerves, each with a sensory and motor component, that carry signals between the spinal cord and the body.

Afferent Fibers

Sensory nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

Efferent Fibers

Motor nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.

Somatic Afferent Fibers

Sensory fibers from skin and muscles to the CNS.

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Visceral Afferent Fibers

Sensory fibers from internal organs to the CNS.

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Ramus Posterior (dorsalis)

Branch of a spinal nerve that supplies the back muscles and skin.

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Ramus Anterior (ventral)

Branch of a spinal nerve that supplies the front part of the body, limbs, and torso.

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Ramus Communicantes Albus

Branch connecting a spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk.

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N.auricularis magnus

A nerve that supplies the skin of the occipital region and posterior part of the ear.

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N.transversus colli

A nerve that supplies skin in the medial part of the neck.

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Nn.supraclaviculares

Nerves that supply skin of the lateral neck and shoulder girdle.

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N.phrenicus

A nerve that supplies the diaphragm and surrounding structures in the chest.

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Plexus brachialis

A network of nerves formed by lower cervical and some upper thoracic spinal nerves, supplying the arm and shoulder.

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Pars supraclavicularis

The upper part of the brachial plexus, above the collarbone.

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N.suprascapularis

A nerve in the brachial plexus that supplies muscles of the shoulder blade.

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N.thoraco-dorsalis

A nerve that supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle.

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Suboccipitalis nerve branches

The suboccipital nerves emerge between the occipital bone and the atlas, supplying deep neck muscles. They typically have no sensory fibers.

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N. occipitalis major

This nerve branches between C1 and C2, supplying skin for the occipital region, and deep muscles in the neck.

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Clunium nerves

Branches from posterior rami of lumbar (superior) and sacral nerves supplying skin of the buttock region (gluteal).

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Rami anteriores (ventral rami)

Anterior branches of spinal nerves supplying skin and muscles of the trunk, sides and front, and limbs.

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Plexus Cervicalis

A network of nerves made from the anterior rami of the upper four cervical spinal nerves, deep to the neck muscles

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Plexus Lumbalis

This network of nerves is formed by the upper three lumbar spinal nerves.

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Plexus Sacralis

Plexus formed by the 4th and 5th lumbar, all sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves.

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Fasciculus Medialis

One of the three cords of the brachial plexus, containing four nerves: the medial brachial cutaneous nerve, the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the ulnar nerve, and the medial root of the median nerve.

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N. Cutaneus Brachii Medialis

A nerve that runs along the medial bicipital groove and supplies skin on the anterior and medial regions of the arm.

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N. Cutaneus Antebrachii Medialis

A nerve that descends along the medial bicipital groove, continues to the forearm, and supplies skin on the anterior and medial parts of the forearm.

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N. Ulnaris

A nerve that travels along the medial bicipital groove in the arm, runs through the cubital region, and eventually divides into two branches in the palm.

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Branches of N. Ulnaris: Superficial

Divided into three palmar digital nerves that supply skin over the hypothenar eminence, the ulnar side of the ring finger, and the little finger.

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Branches of N. Ulnaris: Profundus

Supplies muscles of the little finger, interossei muscles, third and fourth lumbrical muscles, adductor pollicis, and part of the flexor pollicis brevis.

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Side Branches of N. Ulnaris

Includes articular branches for the elbow joint, muscular branches for the flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar side of the flexor digitorum profundus, and a dorsal branch that supplies skin on the back of the hand.

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What forms the median nerve?

The median nerve is formed by the junction of the radix lateralis n.mediani from the lateral cord and the radix medialis n.mediani from the medial cord of the brachial plexus.

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What structures accompany the median nerve?

The median nerve travels with key structures in the arm, including the ulnar nerve, medial brachial cutaneous nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, brachial artery, brachial veins, and the basilic vein.

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Where does the median nerve travel?

The median nerve descends along the medial bicipital sulcus, crosses the cubital fossa, pierces the pronator teres muscle, passes between the superficial and deep flexor digitorum muscles, and enters the carpal tunnel.

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What happens in the carpal tunnel?

The median nerve lies above the tendons of the superficial flexor digitorum muscles in the carpal tunnel. Pressure or irritation here can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome.

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What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome can cause weakness or paralysis of the thenar muscles and sensory changes in the region supplied by the median nerve.

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What does the median nerve supply on the palm?

On the palm, the median nerve supplies the skin of the thumb, index, middle fingers and the radial side of the ring finger.

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What are the branches of the median nerve in the palm?

The median nerve divides into three common palmar digital nerves, which further subdivide into seven proper palmar digital nerves. The first common palmar digital nerve divides into three branches, while the second and third divide into two.

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What muscles does the median nerve supply?

The median nerve supplies the first and second lumbrical muscles, the abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, and the superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis.

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N.medianus

A nerve that runs along the ventral surface of the forearm, supplying the 3rd and 4th layers of the anterior forearm muscle group, including the flexor pollicis longus, the radial side of the flexor digitorum profundus, and the pronator quadratus. It also supplies the radiocarpal joint.

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N.interosseus antebrachii anterior

A branch of the median nerve that descends along the ventral surface of the interosseous membrane of the forearm, supplying the 3rd and 4th layers of the anterior forearm muscles.

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N.musculocutaneus

A nerve that pierces the coracobrachialis muscle, travels between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, and supplies the anterior compartment of the arm. It then emerges as the cutaneous antebrachii lateralis nerve, supplying the lateral part of the forearm.

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Fasciculus Posterior

A bundle of nerves in the brachial plexus that consists of the radial and axillary nerves.

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N.radialis

A nerve that runs along the posterior side of the arm, supplying the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm and the skin of the dorsal side of the hand.

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Ramus Superficialis (N.radialis)

A branch of the radial nerve that supplies the skin of the thumb, index finger, and radial side of the middle finger.

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Ramus Profundus (N.radialis)

A branch of the radial nerve that supplies the deep muscles of the posterior forearm, as well as the joints of the hand.

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N.interosseus antebrachii posterior

The terminal part of the ramus profundus of the radial nerve that supplies the deep layer of the posterior forearm muscles and the joints of the hand.

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Study Notes

Spinal Nerves

  • Spinal nerves are 31 paired nerves.
  • Each nerve is formed by an anterior and posterior root.
  • Each spinal nerve contains both afferent and efferent fibers.

Afferent (Sensory) Fibers

  • Convey impulses to the central nervous system.
  • These are peripheral processes of pseudounipolar neurons in the spinal ganglia.
  • Include somatic and visceral afferent fibers.

Somatic Afferent Fibers

  • Arise from exteroreceptors and proprioreceptors.

Visceral Afferent Fibers

  • Are also peripheral processes of pseudounipolar neurons in the spinal ganglia.
  • They reach the spinal nerve through white rami communicantes.
  • These originate from interoceptors of organs.

Efferent Fibers

  • Convey impulses from the central nervous system to peripheral.
  • Two groups: somatic and visceral (autonomic).

Somatic Efferent Fibers (Motor)

  • These are axons of motor nuclei (anterior column of the gray matter).
  • These supply skeletal muscles.

Visceral Efferent Fibers (Autonomic)

  • Originates from the nucleus intermediolateralis.
  • Sympathetic (preganglionic) fibers run in the content of all thoracic and upper two lumbar spinal nerves.
  • They join sympathetic trunk ganglia via white rami communicantes.
  • Parasympathetic fibers originate from the nucleus parasympathicus sacralis.
  • They run in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sacral spinal nerves.
  • These connect to pelvic parasympathetic ganglia via ventral branches of thesacral nerves.

Spinal Nerve Branches

  • Ramus meningeus
  • Contains sensory fibers.
  • Returns to the vertebral canal and supplies the meninges.
  • Ramus communicans albus
  • Connects the spinal nerve with the sympathetic trunk.
  • Ramus posterior (dorsalis)
  • Usually smaller than the ventral branch.
  • Supplies skin and muscles of the back and posterior part of the neck.
  • Ramus anterior (ventralis)
  • Supplies skin and muscles of the lateral and anterior parts of the trunk and limbs
  • The metamericity is only present in thoracic nerves.

Other Plexuses

  • Plexus cervicalis

  • Is formed by anterior branches of the upper four cervical spinal nerves.

  • Lies on the deep muscles and covered by m. sternocleidomastoideus (in trigonum colli laterale).

    • Consists of three branches: motor, sensory & mixed

  • Plexus brachialis

  • Is formed by the anterior branches of four lower cervical spinal nerves and partly by the 4th cervical and 1st thoracic spinal nerves.

  • Lies between m. scalenus anterior and m. scalenus medius with a. subclavia.

  • Divides into two part: supraclavicularis and infraclavicularis

  • Plexus lumbalis

  • Is formed by three upper lumbar spinal nerves.

  • Plexus sacralis

  • Is formed by the anterior branches of the 4th and 5th lumbar, all sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves.

Branches of N. Cervicalis

  • Rr. musculares- supply muscles of the lateral, deep, craniothoracal groups of the neck.

  • Ansa cervicalis – formed from two roots, superior and inferior; supplies the straight muscles of the neck.

Branches of N. Cervicalis

  • N. occipitalis minor
  • N. auricularis magnus
  • N. transversus colli
  • Nn. supraclaviculares

N. phrenicus

  • Descends along m. scalenus anterior, passes between a. et v. subclavia and through superior thoracic aperture.
  • Enters the thoracic cavity and lies within the superior and middle mediastinum.
  • It runs in front of the radix pulmonis between pleura mediastinalis and pericardium.
  • Supplies sensory fibers to pericardium; diaphragmatic pleura parietale; peritoneum parietale in region around pancreas and liver; and thymus.
  • Motor fibers supply diaphragm.

N. medianus

  • Formed from the medial and lateral radix from the brachial plexus.
  • Lies along sulcus bicipitalis medialis.
  • It provides branches to:
    • Cutaneous branches – brachii and antebrachii medialis
    • Cutaneous palmar branches
    • Muscular branches (to muscles of the hand)

N. musculocutaneus

  • Pierces m. coracobrachialis, passes between m. biceps brachii and m. brachialis.
  • Supplies the anterior compartment of the arm.
  • Then the nerve lies in sulcus bicipitalis lateralis.

N. radialis

  • Lies behind a. axillaris, and descends along sulcus n. radialis.
  • It runs with a. profunda brachii and v. profundae brachii.
  • Continues between m. brachioradialis and m. brachialis.
  • It divides into two terminal branches in the cubital fossa.

N. Radialis terminal branches

  • Ramus superficialis - lies between m. brachioradiallis and m. flexor carpi radialis, then under the tendon of m. brachioradialis winds to the dorsal side of the hand.
  • Ramus profundus - pierces m. supinator, curves around collum radii and reaches the dorsal side of the forearm.

N. axillaris

  • Lies behind a. axillaris together with a. circumflexa humeri posterior and v. circumflexa humeri posterior.

  • It curves around the posterior side of collum chirurgicum humeri.

  • It supplies m. deltoideus, m. teres minor, and art. humeri.

  • It gives off n. cutaneus brachii lateralis, which supplies skin at the lateral part of the brachium.

Fasciculus lateralis

  • Formed from radix lateralis n. mediani and n. musculocutaneus.

Fasciculus medialis

  • Formed from radix medialis n. mediani and from n. ulnaris, n. cutaneus antebrachii medialis and n. cutaneus brachii medialis.

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Test your knowledge on the cervical plexus and its functions with this quiz. Explore the primary roles of various nerves and muscles associated with the neck region. Answer questions about the innervation and composition of spinal nerves to enhance your understanding of human anatomy.

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