Cervical Mucus and Contraception Quiz

Questions and Answers

What percentage represents Complex Atypical treatment options?

18%

29% (correct)

Which treatment option is not listed as a method for managing adenocarcinoma?

Adjuvant Therapy

Brachytherapy (correct)

Palliative Care

Surgical Options

What is one of the surgical options for treating vaginal cancer?

Hysterectomy (correct)

Radical cryosurgery

Mastectomy

Lumpectomy

Which treatment is suggested for precancerous endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia?

Hormonal or Surgical Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the follow-up recommendation following cancer treatment?

5 years minimum Signup and view all the answers

What procedure involves the removal of both ovaries and the uterus?

Radical Hysterectomy Signup and view all the answers

Which hormonal therapy is associated with treatment options for breast cancer?

Aromatase Inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

At what age is vulvar cancer typically diagnosed, based on the provided data?

65 years old Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a contraceptive is not started during menses?

Use back up protection for 7 days Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes cervical mucus during ovulation?

Clear and slippery Signup and view all the answers

Which hormonal contraceptive requires a shot every 3 months?

Shot Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of hormonal contraception?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is it advised to use low progestin, low androgen pills?

Migraine with Aura Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following requires the use of alternative contraception and backup for 28 days after the last dose?

Rifampicin and Rifabutin Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for managing acne or unwanted hair in hormonal contraception?

Higher estrogen, lower androgen Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of progestin-only pills?

Thicken mucus making penetration harder Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone levels are suggested to minimize weight gain in contraceptive methods?

Low estrogen, low progestin Signup and view all the answers

What condition may necessitate the use of non-estrogen-based contraception?

Migraine with Aura Signup and view all the answers

What signifies the beginning of menopause?

12+ months of amenorrhea without other causes. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily elevated in late menopause?

FSH Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is NOT typically used for managing hot flashes in menopause?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What could be a common clinical manifestation during perimenopause?

Infrequent ovulation Signup and view all the answers

Which patient demographic requires further work-up for irregular cycles?

Women under 40 Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)?

Prior history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by acute pain and requires short term pain medications due to a ruptured cyst?

Ruptured ovarian cyst Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria to exclude other causes when diagnosing ovarian issues?

Presence of large fibroids Signup and view all the answers

In the management of osteoporosis during menopause, what initial approach is recommended?

Lifestyle modifications and supplements Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change occurs as inhibin B decreases in perimenopause?

Increase in FSH and decrease in progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of corpus luteum cysts that fail to degenerate post-ovulation?

They can reach or exceed 3 cm in size Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible adverse effect of Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)?

Mood changes Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging method is commonly used to detect polycystic-appearing ovaries?

Ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

In a woman over 45 with symptoms, what is the recommended action regarding work-up?

No work-up needed. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a corpus luteum cyst continues to produce progesterone for more than 14 days?

Delayed menstruation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about hemorrhage related to ovarian cysts is accurate?

It can occur with rapidly enlarging luteal phase cysts. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ovarian tumors are malignant?

80-90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor associated with the development of vaginal cancer?

Chronic irritation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is characterized by the lack of invasion?

Borderline Tumors Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis for early-stage vaginal cancer?

100% 5-year survival Signup and view all the answers

In women with a family history of ovarian cancer, what surgical procedure may be performed after childbearing?

Prophylactic BSO Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pathology is most commonly seen in adult vaginal cancers?

Serous Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for a tumor to be classified as vaginal cancer?

Tumor must not touch the cervix or vulva Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of vaginal cancer?

Painless vaginal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Contraceptive Methods

Cervical Mucus Monitoring: Backup protection needed for 7 days if contraception not started during menstruation.
Non-Ovulation Phase: Cervical mucus appears thick, white, and dry.
Ovulation Phase: Cervical mucus is clear and slippery.
Ring Contraceptive: 93% effective; requires monthly usage. Backup protection for 7 days if not started during menstruation.
Continuous Pill: Contains estrogen and progesterone, with a similar backup requirement as the ring.
Shot Contraceptive: 96% effective; administered every 3 months. Side effects include weight gain, spotting, and mood changes. Backup protection for 7 days if not initiated during menstruation.
Progestin-Only Pill: Must be taken daily within a 3-hour window, with backup protection required.

Pregnancy Confirmation Criteria

No Symptoms + ONE of the criteria:
- ≤ 7 days after normal menses start.
- No sexual intercourse since last menses.
- Consistent use of a reliable contraceptive method.
- ≤ 7 days post-abortion or within 4 weeks postpartum.
- Fully breastfeeding and amenorrheic for under 6 months.

Hormonal Choices and Effects

Irregular/Painful Periods: Use low progestin, low androgen, or no-period pills.
Minimizing Weight Gain: Opt for low estrogen, low progestin.
PCOS Management: Requires low androgen, low progestin.
Acne Treatment: Higher estrogen levels with lower androgen.
Menstrual Cramps: Higher progestin or no-period pills recommended.

Menopause Diagnosis: 12+ months of amenorrhea without other causes.
Perimenopause Symptoms: Include hot flashes, hormonal fluctuations, sleep disturbances, and mood changes.
Clinical Managament: Focus on lifestyle modifications and SSRIs for depression; consider menopausal hormone therapy.
CI for Hormone Therapy: Breast cancer, coronary heart disease, history of thromboembolism, unexplained bleeding.

Cancer Overview

Vulvar and Vaginal Cancer: Rare types affecting mostly women around 65 years, with HPV as a major risk factor.
- Vulvar Cancer Diagnosis: Requires history and physical examination, imaging, biopsy.
- Vaginal Cancer Pathology: Squamous cell is predominant, with high malignancy.

Ovarian Neoplasms

Benign Ovarian Tumors: Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy recommended for high genetic risk.
Borderline Tumors: Low malignant potential with no invasion.
Corpus Luteum Cysts: May cause pain if ruptured and characterized by larger, prolonged progesterone production.

Diagnosis and Management of Menstrual Disorders

Amenorrhea Types: Primary (absence of menstruation by age 16) and developed due to surgical removal of reproductive organs.
Dysmenorrhea and PMDD: Major menstrual disorders requiring awareness and monitoring.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cervical mucus changes during ovulation and its implications for contraceptive methods. The quiz covers the effectiveness of different forms of birth control and the importance of backup protection. Assess your understanding to improve your reproductive health awareness.