Medical Conditions in Pregnancy
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with hyperglycemia during pregnancy?

  • Nausea
  • Hypoglycemia (correct)
  • Polydipsia
  • Fruity breath

    • What is the primary reason for conducting a glucose tolerance test during pregnancy?

  • To assess maternal hypertension
  • To determine fetal lung maturity
  • To diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (correct)
  • To check for iron-deficiency anemia

    • Which procedure is included in nursing care to assess fetal well-being?

  • Amniocentesis for iron levels
  • Urinalysis for ketones
  • Glucose screening
  • Nonstress test (correct)

    • Which of the following factors is NOT considered a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Gestational hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is recommended between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy to diagnose potential glucose issues?

    <p>Glucose screening (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the presence of seizures or coma?

    <p>Eclampsia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is critical for confirming elevated liver enzymes in suspected HELLP Syndrome?

    <p>Liver enzyme panel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding is least likely associated with severe preeclampsia?

    <p>Elevated liver enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor for preeclampsia includes maternal age younger than 19 or older than 40?

    <p>Maternal age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic procedure is specifically used to assess fetal well-being in pregnant women with complications?

    <p>Daily kick counts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor is associated with hyperemesis gravidarum?

    <p>Maternal age younger than 30 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common laboratory test for diagnosing iron-deficiency anemia?

    <p>CBC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be cautiously used for hyperemesis gravidarum?

    <p>Metoclopramide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing care protocol is essential for a client with hyperemesis gravidarum?

    <p>Monitor weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings is associated with iron-deficiency anemia?

    <p>Fatigue and weakness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary recommendation should be made to a client with iron-deficiency anemia?

    <p>Consume more iron-rich foods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of gestational diabetes mellitus for the fetus?

    <p>Large baby problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is used to assess thyroid function in pregnancy complications?

    <p>Thyroid test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding associated with cervical insufficiency?

    <p>Pink-stained vaginal discharge or bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for cervical insufficiency?

    <p>History of cervical trauma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical nursing action for a client who has undergone cervical cerclage?

    <p>Monitor client reports of pressure and contractions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instructions should be included in client education for someone at risk of cervical insufficiency?

    <p>Increase hydration (A), Avoid sex during pregnancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a prophylactic cervical cerclage?

    <p>To prevent premature cervical dilatation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential consequence of hyperglycemia during pregnancy?

    <p>Excessive fetal growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypoglycemia during pregnancy?

    <p>Polyuria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant finding associated with eclampsia?

    <p>Onset of seizures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is typically performed to monitor glucose levels during pregnancy?

    <p>Glucose Tolerance Test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main nursing care interventions for managing hyperglycemia during pregnancy?

    <p>Monitoring the fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is essential for monitoring suspected HELLP syndrome?

    <p>Liver enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most indicative of severe preeclampsia?

    <p>Severe continuous headache (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor is NOT associated with gestational diabetes?

    <p>Maternal age of 25 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk factor significantly contributes to the likelihood of developing preeclampsia?

    <p>Chronic hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings would cause concern for severe preeclampsia diagnosis?

    <p>Proteinuria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding is most indicative of hyperemesis gravidarum?

    <p>Excessive vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended iron intake for a pregnant woman suffering from iron-deficiency anemia?

    <p>27 mg/day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is least relevant for diagnosing hyperemesis gravidarum?

    <p>Hemoglobin A1c (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for developing iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy?

    <p>Limited dietary iron intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a pregnant client experiencing hyperemesis gravidarum?

    <p>Administer IV fluids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dietary recommendations would best support a patient with iron-deficiency anemia?

    <p>Eat more legumes and dark leafy greens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can contribute to large baby problems in gestational diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Increased insulin from the baby (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is commonly recommended for clients with hyperemesis gravidarum to manage symptoms?

    <p>Metoclopramide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cervical Insufficiency

    • Expulsion of the products of conception occurs due to premature cervical dilation
    • Risk Factors: History of cervical trauma, in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol, or exposure during pregnancy
    • Findings: Pink-stained vaginal discharge or bleeding, possible fluid gush, uterine contractions with expulsion of the fetus, postoperative cerclage monitoring, contractions, rupture of membranes, and infection manifestations
    • Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures: Ultrasound, prophylactic cervical cerclage.
    • Nursing Care: Evaluate and support the client; assess vaginal discharge; monitor client reports of pressure and contractions; check vital signs.
    • Client Education: Adherence to activity restrictions, increased hydration, avoidance of sex, monitoring of cervical/uterine changes; cervical cerclage placement at 12-14 weeks, bed rest
    • Health Promotion and Prevention: Report findings, preterm labor, rupture of membranes, infection, strong contractions (less than 5 minutes apart), severe perineal pressure, and urge to push to the provider, follow up for observation, and plan for cerclage removal between 36 and 38 weeks

    Hyperemesis Gravidarum

    • Risk Factors: Maternal age under 30 and multifetal gestation
    • Findings: Excessive vomiting, dehydration, weight loss, increased pulse rate, decreased blood pressure, and poor skin turgor.
    • Lab Tests: Urinalysis, chemistry profile, thyroid tests, and CBC
    • Nursing Care: Monitor intake and output, assess skin turgor, monitor weight, vital signs, and client needs for temporary nothing-by-mouth (NPO) status until vomiting stops.
    • Medications: IV fluids, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and other vitamins as tolerated; use antiemetic medications (metoclopramide) cautiously.
    • Client Education: Advanced diet (clear liquids first, then solids as tolerated), enteral nutrition support for severe cases.

    Iron-Deficiency Anemia

    • Risk Factors: Less than two years between pregnancies, heavy menses, diet low in iron, and unhealthy weight loss programs.
    • Findings: Fatigue, weakness, cravings for unusual foods (pica)
    • Lab Tests: Hemoglobin (Hgb) and Hematocrit (Hct)

    Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

    • Risks to Fetus: Large baby problems (baby produces higher levels of insulin); blood sugar low; infections (UTI, vaginal); hydramnios; ketoacidosis; increased insulin resistance, and hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia which causes fetal growth excessively.
    • Risk Factors: Obesity, hypertension (HTN), glycosuria, maternal age other than 25, family history, and previous large or stillborn infants.
    • Findings: Hypoglycemia (nervousness, headache, weakness, irritability, hunger, blurred vision); hyperglycemia (polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, nausea).

    Gestational Hypertension

    • Findings: Abdominal pain, flushed dry skin, and fruity breath.
    • Lab Tests: Glucose screening (24-28 weeks); glucose tolerance test (fasting, 100g glucose load).
    • Procedures: Biophysical profile, amniocentesis, non-stress test.
    • Nursing Care: Blood glucose monitoring, diet and exercise (insulin may be needed if glucose levels remain high), daily kick counts, and self-administration of insulin
    • Preeclampsia: Blood pressure 140/90 mmHg or higher on two separate occasions at least four hours apart, headaches, irritability, and edema.
    • Severe Preeclampsia: Blood pressure 160/110 mmHg or higher; severe headaches, hyperreflexia, blurred vision; eclampsia (onset of seizures or coma)
    • HELLP syndrome: Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets.

    Other Medical Conditions (from pages 4 & 5)

    • Low Platelets (LP): Risk factors include maternal age under 19 or over 40, first pregnancy, extreme obesity, multifetal gestation, chronic renal disease, chronic hypertension, family history of preeclampsia, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Findings include severe continuous headache, blurred vision, flashes of light, periorbital/facial/hand/abdominal swelling, vomiting, oliguria, hyperreflexia, scotoma, epigastric pain, RUQ pain, seizures, jaundice, dyspnea, and diminished breath sounds. Testing includes liver enzymes, blood creatinine, BUN, uric acid, CBC, and clotting studies; diagnostic procedures include urine dipstick testing for proteinuria, 24-hour urine collection, non-stress test, contraction stress test, biophysical profile, and Doppler blood flow assessments.

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    Chapter 9 - Medical Conditions in Pregnancy PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential aspects of cervical insufficiency, including risk factors, clinical findings, diagnostic procedures, and nursing care. It aims to support healthcare practitioners in understanding and managing this condition effectively, with a focus on client education and health promotion.

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