10 Questions
What percentage of cervical cancer cases is attributed to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection?
99.7%
At which stage of cervical cancer has it spread to the lower part of the vagina or the pelvic wall?
Stage III
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cervical cancer?
Family history of breast cancer
What is the primary purpose of a Pap test?
To detect abnormal cells in the cervix
What is the primary goal of HPV vaccination?
To protect against cervical cancer
What is the most common symptom of cervical cancer in early stages?
No symptoms at all
What is the name of the surgical procedure that removes the cervix and surrounding tissue?
Radical trachelectomy
What is the primary purpose of a colposcopy?
To examine the cervix with a special microscope
What is the name of the targeted therapy used to treat cervical cancer?
Bevacizumab
How often should a woman with a normal Pap test result get screened for cervical cancer?
The text does not specify
Study Notes
Definition and Epidemiology
- Cervical cancer: a type of cancer that occurs in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina
- 4th most common cancer in women worldwide, with approximately 570,000 new cases and 311,000 deaths in 2018
Risk Factors
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection: most common risk factor, responsible for 99.7% of cervical cancer cases
- Other risk factors:
- Early age at first sexual intercourse
- Multiple sexual partners
- History of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Smoking
- Weakened immune system
- Family history of cervical cancer
Symptoms
- Often asymptomatic in early stages
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding:
- Between menstrual periods
- After menopause
- After sex
- Pain during sex
- Vaginal discharge
- Pelvic pain
Diagnosis
- Pap test (Pap smear): screening test to detect abnormal cells in the cervix
- HPV test: detects high-risk HPV types
- Colposcopy: examination of the cervix with a special microscope
- Biopsy: removal of cervical tissue for further examination
Stages
- Stage I: cancer confined to the cervix
- Stage II: cancer has spread to the upper part of the vagina or the parametrium
- Stage III: cancer has spread to the lower part of the vagina or the pelvic wall
- Stage IV: cancer has spread to distant organs
Treatment
- Surgery:
- Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)
- Radical trachelectomy (removal of the cervix and surrounding tissue)
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy (e.g., bevacizumab)
Prevention
- HPV vaccination: protects against high-risk HPV types
- Regular Pap tests and HPV tests
- Safe sex practices
- Avoid smoking
Learn about cervical cancer, including its definition, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, stages, treatment, and prevention methods. This quiz covers the essentials of cervical cancer, from HPV infection to screening tests and treatment options.
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