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Questions and Answers
The center of gravity is usually located in the upper abdomen, regardless of body build
The center of gravity is usually located in the upper abdomen, regardless of body build
False (B)
When lifting, one should bend at the waist and keep the knees straight to maintain a stable posture
When lifting, one should bend at the waist and keep the knees straight to maintain a stable posture
False (B)
The sims position is a semi-fowler's position, where the patient is seated in a semi-sitting position
The sims position is a semi-fowler's position, where the patient is seated in a semi-sitting position
False (B)
The lithotomy position is commonly used for surgical procedures involving the head and neck
The lithotomy position is commonly used for surgical procedures involving the head and neck
Muscles work best when used incorrectly, leading to muscle strain
Muscles work best when used incorrectly, leading to muscle strain
The line of gravity falls outside the base of support, affecting balance and stability
The line of gravity falls outside the base of support, affecting balance and stability
A DNR order typically includes a full code for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
A DNR order typically includes a full code for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Working at a comfortable height prevents back strain, but not muscle fatigue
Working at a comfortable height prevents back strain, but not muscle fatigue
When viewed posteriorly, the normal lumbar curve can correctly be referred to as “convex anteriorly”.
When viewed posteriorly, the normal lumbar curve can correctly be referred to as “convex anteriorly”.
Maintaining a correct upright posture can help prevent muscle strain.
Maintaining a correct upright posture can help prevent muscle strain.
Rolling or pushing a heavy object is more energetically expensive than pulling or lifting
Rolling or pushing a heavy object is more energetically expensive than pulling or lifting
The thoracic curve is an example of a lordotic curve.
The thoracic curve is an example of a lordotic curve.
The vertebral column has three curves that arch anteriorly and posteriorly from the midcoronal plane of the body.
The vertebral column has three curves that arch anteriorly and posteriorly from the midcoronal plane of the body.
Advance health care directives are often included in a patient's hospital chart.
Advance health care directives are often included in a patient's hospital chart.
The cervical curve is concave anteriorly and is called a kyphotic curve.
The cervical curve is concave anteriorly and is called a kyphotic curve.
Physician certification is required for a DNR order.
Physician certification is required for a DNR order.
Scoliosis is a type of abnormal curvature characterized by an exaggerated lumbar curvature.
Scoliosis is a type of abnormal curvature characterized by an exaggerated lumbar curvature.
Lordosis is a type of abnormal curvature characterized by an increased anterior concavity or posterior convexity.
Lordosis is a type of abnormal curvature characterized by an increased anterior concavity or posterior convexity.
Muscle strain is typically caused by inadequate body mechanics.
Muscle strain is typically caused by inadequate body mechanics.
The primary curve of the vertebral column is present at birth.
The primary curve of the vertebral column is present at birth.
The center of gravity is the point at which the body's weight is unevenly distributed and unbalanced.
The center of gravity is the point at which the body's weight is unevenly distributed and unbalanced.
The base of support is the portion of the body in contact with the floor.
The base of support is the portion of the body in contact with the floor.
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Study Notes
Vertebral Curvatures
- The normal lumbar curve can be referred to as “concave posteriorly” when viewed posteriorly.
- The cervical and lumbar curves are convex anteriorly and are called lordotic curves.
- The thoracic and pelvic curves are concave anteriorly and are called kyphotic curves.
Abnormal Curvatures
- Lordosis is an exaggerated lumbar curvature, also known as “swayback”, characterized by an increase in anterior convexity or posterior concavity.
- Kyphosis is an exaggerated thoracic curvature, also known as “humpback” or “hunchback”, characterized by an increase in anterior concavity or posterior convexity.
- Scoliosis is a lateral curvature, characterized by an S-shaped vertebral column, which can cause the vertebrae to rotate toward the concavity.
Body Mechanism
- The principle of proper body alignment, movement, and balance involves three concepts: Base of Support (BOS), Center of Gravity (COG), and Line of Gravity (LOG).
- Base of Support (BOS) is the portion of the body in contact with the floor.
- Center of Gravity (COG) is the point at which the body's weight is evenly distributed and balanced.
- Line of Gravity (LOG) is an imaginary vertical line passing through the center of gravity, which falls within the BOS and indicates a stable and balanced position.
Body Mechanics
- Body mechanics refers to the ways we move as we go about our daily lives, including how we hold our bodies when we sit, stand, lift, carry, bend, and sleep.
- Poor body mechanics can cause back problems and muscle strain.
- Muscle strain occurs when muscle fibers are overstretched or torn, typically due to excessive force, overuse, or improper use.
- Symptoms of muscle strain include pain, swelling, bruising, and limited movement.
Correct Upright Posture
- Stand with feet 4-8 inches apart.
- Head erect, chin in.
- Abdomen up, buttocks in.
- Chest out, stomach in.
- Knees slightly bent.
Rules of Body Mechanics
- Provide a broad base of support.
- Work at a comfortable height.
- When lifting, bend at the hips and knees and keep your back straight.
- Keep your load well balanced and close to your body.
- Roll or push a heavy object instead of pulling or lifting.
Body Positions
- Supine: Patient is flat on their back.
- Prone: Patient lies face down.
- Lateral (or lateral decubitus or lateral recumbent): Patient is side-lying.
- Sims position: Semi-prone position, used to aid in rectal catheterization.
- Fowler's position: Seated in a semi-sitting position, with the head higher than the feet, used for patients with respiratory distress.
- Trendelenburg position: The bed is inclined with the patient's head lower than the rest of the body, used for patients suffering from shock.
- Lithotomy position: Used for surgical procedures and medical examinations involving the pelvis and lower abdomen, as well as childbirth.
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