Snell's Clinical Anatomy Chapter 12 - Head and Neck
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the scalenus muscles?

  • To flex the neck
  • To elevate the first two ribs during respiration (correct)
  • To lateral flex the shoulder
  • To rotate the head

    • Where does the external jugular vein primarily drain blood from?

  • The lungs
  • The brain
  • The face and neck (correct)
  • The upper limb

    • Which of the following nerves is NOT a part of the cervical plexus?

  • Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) (correct)
  • Cutaneous Branches
  • Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
  • Phrenic Nerve

    • The hyoid bone is located in which anatomical region?

    <p>Neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of anatomical triangulations in the neck?

    <p>They are used to delineate areas for surgical procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the cervical plexus?

    <p>It contains nerves that innervate the diaphragm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the hyoid bone and surrounding structures?

    <p>Facial Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical triangle is primarily associated with the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

    <p>Carotid Triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

    <p>Moves the scalp on the skull and raises eyebrows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily responsible for the action of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is involved in creating vertical wrinkles of the forehead?

    <p>Corrugator supercilii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the dilator naris muscle perform?

    <p>Widen nasal apertures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the procerus muscle?

    <p>Creates wrinkles between the eyebrows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is primarily involved in the movement of the first rib during respiration?

    <p>Scalenus muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the external jugular vein?

    <p>Drains blood from the face and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are derived from the cervical plexus?

    <p>Hypoglossal nerve and ansa cervicalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the hyoid bone is correct?

    <p>It is a floating bone in the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of anatomical triangulations?

    <p>Defines areas of potential surgical access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles assist in lateral neck flexion?

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily responsible for the motor innervation of the diaphragm?

    <p>Phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the scalene muscles?

    <p>Elevate the ribs during inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a branch of the cervical plexus?

    <p>Long thoracic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure does the external jugular vein drain into?

    <p>Subclavian vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is primarily involved in the lateral flexion of the neck?

    <p>Scalenus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the external jugular vein?

    <p>Drain blood from the face and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily associated with the scalenus muscles?

    <p>Elevation of the first rib during respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is a major component of the cervical plexus?

    <p>Phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the external jugular vein?

    <p>Draining blood from the face and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily formed by the cervical plexus?

    <p>Phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located superior to the hyoid bone?

    <p>Mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature is formed by the intersection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the trapezius muscle?

    <p>Occipital triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is specifically recognized as the hyoid bone?

    <p>A floating bone located in the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature separates the major cervical triangles?

    <p>Borders of the sternocleidomastoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the cervical plexus provides sensation to the skin over the anterior neck?

    <p>Transverse cervical nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the anterior scalene muscle?

    <p>Assisting in neck flexion and elevation of the first rib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which anatomical triangle would you find the thyroid gland?

    <p>Muscular triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cervical plexus innervates which of the following areas?

    <p>Diaphragm and neck region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for elevating the first two ribs?

    <p>Scalenus medius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ansa cervicalis?

    <p>Supply motor innervation to infrahyoid muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'anatomical triangulations' refer to in the context of the neck?

    <p>Divisions created by surrounding muscles and bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve primarily contributes to the innervation of the diaphragm?

    <p>Phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is responsible for draining blood from the posterior part of the head and neck?

    <p>External jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the hyoid bone positioned in relation to other bones of the body?

    <p>Superior to the thyroid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the carotid body in the neck?

    <p>Monitors blood oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are primarily involved in the mechanism of swallowing?

    <p>Pharyngeal constrictors and tongue muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the carotid sinus?

    <p>Registers blood pressure changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure is primarily innervated by the vagus nerve in the head and neck?

    <p>Laryngeal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship of the ear structures to their neighboring organs?

    <p>The middle ear communicates directly with the throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the tongue?

    <p>Lingual artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

    <p>Change the shape of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for moving the scalp and raising the eyebrows?

    <p>Frontal belly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the corrugator supercilii muscle?

    <p>Creating vertical wrinkles of the forehead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle functions to compress the mobile nasal cartilages?

    <p>Compressor nasi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the orbicularis oculi muscle perform?

    <p>Winking and closing the eyelids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the procerus muscle in facial expression?

    <p>Wrinkles skin between the eyebrows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur as a result of maxillofacial fractures?

    <p>Malocclusion of teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of posterior cranial fossa fractures?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid leakage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves may be damaged in fractures involving the jugular foramen?

    <p>9th, 10th, and 11th cranial nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the swelling associated with maxillofacial fractures?

    <p>Extensive facial swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can blood escape in posterior cranial fossa fractures?

    <p>Into the nape of the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of maxillary fractures regarding the nasal cavity?

    <p>Blood leaking into the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical feature of facial bone fractures in children compared to adults?

    <p>They may be incomplete or greenstick fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may indicate involvement of the infraorbital nerve in a facial fracture?

    <p>Anesthesia of the cheek and upper gum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from damage to the orbital wall in facial trauma?

    <p>Diplopia (double vision)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the soft spots in a newborn's skull called?

    <p>Fontanelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what age does the anterior fontanelle typically close?

    <p>18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue connects the skull bones during infancy prior to ossification?

    <p>Fibrous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fontanelle lies between the frontal bones and the parietal bones?

    <p>Anterior fontanelle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of the skull allows for initial growth and mobility in infants?

    <p>Fontanelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the anterior fontanelle's shape?

    <p>Diamond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the anterior and posterior fontanelles play in clinical examination?

    <p>Easily examined landmarks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the skull bones described as being connected in infants compared to adults?

    <p>Loosely knit with some mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT associated with the anterior fontanelle?

    <p>Temporal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical significance of examining the anterior fontanelle in infants?

    <p>Determining normal cranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle is primarily responsible for the depression of the mandible?

    <p>Lateral pterygoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from the contraction of the digastrics, geniohyoids, and mylohyoids?

    <p>Depression of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure limits the forward movement of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?

    <p>Fibroelastic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the dislocation of the temporomandibular joint?

    <p>The head of the mandible moves beyond the summit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which groups of muscles are primarily involved in the elevation of the mandible?

    <p>Masseter and temporalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the articular disc becomes detached from its capsule?

    <p>Noise during jaw movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effect of a severe blow to the chin on the temporomandibular joint?

    <p>Prevents backward movement of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the backward movement of the mandible, which movement occurs after the disc and head of the mandible move forward?

    <p>Head of the mandible rotates on the lower surface of the disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical feature is observed when both heads of the mandible lie in front of the articular tubercles?

    <p>Mandible is dislocated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure primarily functions in maintaining balance and equilibrium in the ear?

    <p>Semicircular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery provides the primary vascular supply to the structures of the tongue?

    <p>Lingual artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the parotid gland in the oral cavity?

    <p>Secreting saliva to aid in digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily responsible for motor innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

    <p>Hypoglossal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the carotid sinus?

    <p>Detecting changes in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for the mechanism of swallowing?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cochlea in the ear?

    <p>Converting sound vibrations into neural signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle is primarily responsible for the depression of the mandible?

    <p>Digastric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the forward movement of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?

    <p>Fibroelastic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are involved in the elevation of the mandible?

    <p>Masseter and temporalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the articular disc becoming detached from the capsule?

    <p>Noisy movements and clicks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during temporomandibular joint dislocation?

    <p>Mandible and disc move forward excessively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament prevents the head of the mandible from moving backward dangerously?

    <p>Temporomandibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first action that occurs when the mandible is depressed?

    <p>Articular disc moves backward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles contribute significantly to pulling the mandible forward?

    <p>Lateral pterygoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if there is a severe blow to the chin during an open mouth position?

    <p>The mandible fractures easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the fontanelles in the skull of a newborn?

    <p>They allow for mobility between skull bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically ossify and close?

    <p>By 18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is positioned posteriorly in relation to the anterior fontanelle?

    <p>Parietal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the anterior fontanelle in a newborn?

    <p>Diamond-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the mobility of skull bones at birth is accurate?

    <p>Skull bones have limited mobility due to fibrous tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is clinically significant for examination concerning fontanelles?

    <p>Anterior and posterior fontanelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue predominantly connects the skull bones in infants?

    <p>Fibrous tissue or cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the bregmatic fontanelle?

    <p>It is the largest fontanelle in infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the position of the maxillary artery in relation to the structure of the skull?

    <p>Medially next to the auriculotemporal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature is specifically designed to allow for movement in a newborn's skull?

    <p>Fontanelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do the frontal bellies of the occipitofrontalis serve?

    <p>They raise the eyebrows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the skin over the temporal region?

    <p>Auriculotemporal nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve ascends along the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

    <p>Lesser occipital nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary arterial supply to the scalp?

    <p>Temporal arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does the greater occipital nerve primarily supply?

    <p>Scalp as far as the vertex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves winds around the superior orbital margin?

    <p>Supraorbital nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature separates the scalp from the periosteum?

    <p>Loose areolar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the rich blood supply to the scalp?

    <p>It ensures meticulous healing of cuts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of the scalp does the auriculotemporal nerve specifically target?

    <p>Skin over the temporal region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common issue in the sebaceous glands of the scalp?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a scalp wound to resemble a lacerated wound?

    <p>Trauma from blunt objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is involved in facial expression and is located superior to the zygomaticus major?

    <p>Levator labii superioris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of nerves is primarily located anterior to the ear?

    <p>Branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the arteries supplying the scalp primarily originate from?

    <p>Neck and face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason behind the gaping nature of scalp wounds?

    <p>Rigidity of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the hyoid bone in the neck?

    <p>Attachment for tongue muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is involved in the drainage of venous blood from the brain?

    <p>Dural blood sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for facial expression?

    <p>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the parathyroid glands?

    <p>Control calcium levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system primarily innervates the heart and smooth muscles?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for stabilizing the neck and head?

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vascular structures in the neck?

    <p>Supply blood to the brain and face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape and location of the posterior fontanelle in an infant's skull?

    <p>Triangular, between the two parietal bones and the occipital bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the mastoid antrum typically reach a depth of 15 mm from the surface?

    <p>By puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the angle of the mandible at birth?

    <p>Obtuse, with the head above the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the tympanic part of the temporal bone compare at birth versus in adulthood?

    <p>It is cartilaginous at birth and bony in adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the dentary bones after birth?

    <p>They fuse at the midline by the end of the first year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What passes through the foramen spinosum?

    <p>Middle meningeal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery enters the skull through the carotid canal?

    <p>Internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fills the inferior opening of the foramen lacerum in life?

    <p>Cartilage and fibrous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the internal carotid artery turn after entering the foramen?

    <p>Medially towards the anterior clinoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure bounds the posterior cranial fossa anteriorly?

    <p>Superior border of the petrous part of the temporal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure passes backward and upward across the squamous part of the temporal bone?

    <p>Posterior branch of the mandibular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the brain is housed in the posterior cranial fossa?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the tentorium cerebelli in the cranial cavity?

    <p>Separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure runs forward in the cavernous sinus after reaching the anterior clinoid process?

    <p>Internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the retraction of the mandible?

    <p>The head of the mandible is pulled backward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles predominantly assist in the protrusion of the mandible?

    <p>Lateral pterygoid muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason that skull bones are mobile at birth?

    <p>They are not fully ossified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does lateral chewing movement occur?

    <p>By alternately protruding and retracting the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the anterior fontanelle in neonates?

    <p>Diamond-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the facial to cranium size ratio in an adult skull compared to a neonatal skull?

    <p>1:1 for adults and 1:8 for neonates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results in the growth of the oral apparatus during childhood?

    <p>Contraction of posterior fibers of the temporalis and muscles of mastication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the anterior fontanelle usually close?

    <p>18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which specific jaw movement is the downward pressure applied to achieve dislocation reduction?

    <p>Mandible protrusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are separated by the anterior fontanelle?

    <p>Frontal and parietal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the temporalis muscle assists with mandible retraction?

    <p>Posterior fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the skull bones during infancy?

    <p>Fibrous tissue or cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lateral pterygoid muscles?

    <p>Protract the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fontanelle is clinically considered most important?

    <p>Anterior fontanelle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the features of the neonatal skull in comparison to the adult skull?

    <p>The neonatal skull has a disproportionately large cranium compared to the face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these features differentiates skull bones in neonates from those in adults?

    <p>They have membranous intervals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural characteristic of the bones of the neonatal skull?

    <p>They are smooth and unilaminar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is found anteriorly in relation to the mandible and the skull?

    <p>Mandibular notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature is formed by the intersection of the frontal and parietal bones?

    <p>Bregmatic suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is noted in the context of the maxillary region during infancy?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary arterial supply to the oral cavity?

    <p>Lingual artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves are primarily responsible for the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

    <p>Hypoglossal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures form the bridge of the nose?

    <p>Nasal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas of the body drain into the mastoid nodes?

    <p>The scalp above and behind the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is located superior to the inferior sagittal sinus?

    <p>Superior sagittal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function does the face serve in terms of communication?

    <p>Facilitating nonvocal communication through facial expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the key muscles involved in the mechanism of swallowing.

    <p>Palatoglossus and pharyngeal constrictors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of the facial region as defined in the content?

    <p>Encloses the spinal column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the dura mater is associated with the periosteum?

    <p>Endosteal layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the carotid sinus?

    <p>It functions as a baroreceptor for blood pressure monitoring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical features are described for the bones of the front of the skull?

    <p>They include the skull base and facial skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cerebral blood flow, where are cerebral veins primarily located?

    <p>Subarachnoid space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the laryngeal intrinsic muscles?

    <p>Assisting in phonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is part of the structure of the scalp?

    <p>Emissary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structures are primarily located within the defined facial area?

    <p>Orbits, nose, mouth, and ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the carotid body?

    <p>Sensing changes in blood oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which extrinsic muscle of the tongue assists in its retraction?

    <p>Styloglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'subarachnoid space' refer to?

    <p>Space between the arachnoid and pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the arachnoid granulations?

    <p>Reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the inferior conchae primarily contribute to?

    <p>The structure of the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure encases the primary arteries supplying the brain?

    <p>Pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the hyoid bone?

    <p>U-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attaches the hyoid bone to the skull?

    <p>Stylohyoid ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue occupies the subaponeurotic space?

    <p>Loose connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the superficial veins of the scalp with the intracranial venous sinuses?

    <p>Emissary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is suspended in position by muscles connecting it to the mandible and other structures?

    <p>Hyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pericranium cover?

    <p>Outer surface of the skull bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hyoid bone primarily support?

    <p>Base of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily associated with the hyoid bone?

    <p>Stylohyoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many layers does the scalp consist of?

    <p>Five layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen to the stylohyoid ligament over time?

    <p>It may ossify</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle primarily composes the action of compressing the cheeks against the teeth?

    <p>Bucconator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles mainly elevates the upper lip?

    <p>Zygomaticus minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the depressor anguli oris?

    <p>Depresses the corners of the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is involved in the action of pulling the corners of the mouth upwards?

    <p>Zygomaticus major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the scalp above and behind the auricle?

    <p>Posterior auricular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the levator labii superioris originate?

    <p>From the maxilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the muscles that separate the lips?

    <p>Motor branch of the facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for the action of compressing lips together?

    <p>Orbicularis oris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle assists in the movement of the lower lip downwards?

    <p>Depressor labii inferioris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the mentalis muscle?

    <p>To elevate the chin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which extraocular muscle primarily facilitates the movement of the eyeball upward?

    <p>Superior rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily responsible for sensory innervation to the upper eyelid?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve, ophthalmic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the lacrimal apparatus?

    <p>Producing and draining tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the subclavian artery supplies blood to the brain?

    <p>Vertebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of innervation is primarily supplied by the sympathetic nervous system to the orbit?

    <p>Sympathetic innervation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurological condition was diagnosed in the 58-year-old woman?

    <p>Bell's palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom indicated that the woman had paralysis of the right facial muscles?

    <p>Inability to pucker her lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the patient's condition is accurate?

    <p>She had an excellent prognosis and complete recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological factor contributed to the development of the woman's condition?

    <p>Elevated blood pressure leading to a stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential effect of the observed facial paralysis during her breakfast?

    <p>Food sticking to the inside of her cheek</p> Signup and view all the answers

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