Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following types of cells is known as the largest neurons in the human body?
Which of the following types of cells is known as the largest neurons in the human body?
- Betz cells (correct)
- Medium pyramidal cells
- Fusiform cells
- Multiform cells
The superficial layer of gray matter is known as the multiform layer.
The superficial layer of gray matter is known as the multiform layer.
False (B)
What is the primary function of gray matter in the brain?
What is the primary function of gray matter in the brain?
Processing and integrating information
The _____ layer is characterized by the presence of small pyramidal cells.
The _____ layer is characterized by the presence of small pyramidal cells.
Match the following cell types with their characteristics:
Match the following cell types with their characteristics:
Flashcards
Grey matter layers
Grey matter layers
The brain's outer layer, containing neuron cell bodies.
Layers in the gray matter
Layers in the gray matter
Organized areas with different cell types; each contributing to brain function.
External Granular Layer
External Granular Layer
A layer in the gray matter, containing small neurons in the superficial region.
Pyramidal Cells
Pyramidal Cells
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Betz cells
Betz cells
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Study Notes
Cerebrum Overview
- The cerebrum is divided into gray and white matter
- Gray matter contains neuronal cell bodies, axons, dendrites, and glial cells
- White matter mainly consists of axons and glial cells
- Gray matter regions in the cerebrum are layered
- The folds (sulci and gyri) in the cerebral cortex increase its size
Cerebral Cortex Layers
- The cerebral cortex has 6 layers
- Layer 1: Molecular layer, contains horizontal cells of Cajal
- Layer 2: External granular layer, contains stellate cells and small pyramidal cells
- Layer 3: External pyramidal layer, contains medium pyramidal cells
- Layer 4: Internal granular layer, contains stellate (granular) cells
- Layer 5: Internal pyramidal layer (ganglionic layer), contains large pyramidal cells (Betz cells)
- Layer 6: Multiform (polymorphic) layer, contains fusiform cells
Cell Types in the Cerebral Cortex
- Horizontal cells of Cajal: Located in the molecular layer
- Stellate cells (granular cells): Found in layers 2 and 4, multipolar cells
- Pyramidal cells: Multipolar, various sizes (small, medium, large (Betz)), located in layers 3 and 5
- Fusiform cells: Located in layer 6
- Martinotti cells: Small multipolar cells throughout layers, dendrites towards superficial layer, axons towards white matter
Betz Cells
- Betz cells are large pyramidal cells found in layer 5 (internal pyramidal layer) of the motor cortex
- They have a large size (about 100-120µm)
- Their cytoplasm contains many Nissl granules
- Axons extend to the white matter in the motor area
Differences in Cortex Layers
- Motor cortex: Giant pyramidal cells (Betz cells) are prominent, granular cell layers are less apparent
- Sensory cortex: Granular cell layers are well-developed, pyramidal cells are fewer and smaller
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Description
This quiz covers the structure and function of the cerebrum, focusing on the gray and white matter and the layers of the cerebral cortex. It also highlights the various cell types present in these regions. Test your knowledge on the intricate details of the brain's anatomy.
