Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) Overview

Study Notes

Cerebrovascular Accident

A cerebrovascular accident (CVA), commonly known as a stroke, is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is disrupted. Strokes can lead to a variety of symptoms, such as difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance and coordination, difficulty speaking or understanding others, numbness or paralysis in the face, leg, or arm, blurred or darkened vision, and a sudden headache.

Treatment of Cerebrovascular Accidents

The treatment for stroke depends on the type of stroke. For an ischemic stroke, the goal is to restore blood flow as quickly as possible, often by dissolving the clot with medication or removing the blockage with a catheter procedure. For a hemorrhagic stroke, the goal is to control bleeding and reduce pressure in the brain, which may involve medication to lower blood pressure or prevent blood vessel spasms, or surgery to remove clots or repair a ruptured blood vessel.

Symptoms of Cerebrovascular Accidents

Stroke symptoms can appear suddenly and may include difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance and coordination, difficulty speaking or understanding others, numbness or paralysis in the face, leg, or arm, blurred or darkened vision, and a sudden severe headache.

Rehabilitation After Cerebrovascular Accidents

Rehabilitation after a stroke often includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, which can help patients regain strength and mobility, improve communication skills, and learn strategies for managing daily life tasks.

Prevention of Cerebrovascular Accidents

Many strokes are preventable by managing risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, cigarette smoking, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, lack of regular exercise, obesity, heavy alcohol use, recreational drug use, and some types of heart disease.

Conclusion

Cerebrovascular accidents can have a significant impact on a person's life, but early treatment and preventive measures can improve outcomes. If you suspect you or someone else is experiencing a stroke, seek emergency medical attention immediately.