Podcast
Questions and Answers
What composition primarily defines white matter in the spinal cord?
What composition primarily defines white matter in the spinal cord?
- Densely packed cell bodies and dendrites
- Unmyelinated axons
- Synapses and neurotransmitters
- Myelinated axons (correct)
Which nerves are responsible for movement in the spinal cord?
Which nerves are responsible for movement in the spinal cord?
- Thoracic nerves
- Dorsal roots
- Ventral roots (correct)
- Cervical nerves
How many pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord?
How many pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord?
- 62 single nerves
- 31 pairs
- 31 single nerves
- 62 pairs (correct)
Which spinal nerves serve the lower back and legs?
Which spinal nerves serve the lower back and legs?
What is the condition referred to when there is a loss of sensation and movement in all four limbs?
What is the condition referred to when there is a loss of sensation and movement in all four limbs?
What are the axons from sensory neurons found in?
What are the axons from sensory neurons found in?
Which type of damage leads to loss of sensation and movement in the lower torso and legs?
Which type of damage leads to loss of sensation and movement in the lower torso and legs?
Which part of the spinal cord contains cell bodies and dendrites?
Which part of the spinal cord contains cell bodies and dendrites?
What is the main function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
What is the main function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?
Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?
How often is new cerebrospinal fluid produced?
How often is new cerebrospinal fluid produced?
What result does hydrocephalus have on the brain?
What result does hydrocephalus have on the brain?
What does CSF circulate through?
What does CSF circulate through?
CSF shares a similar composition to which of the following?
CSF shares a similar composition to which of the following?
What is the consequence of a blockage of CSF?
What is the consequence of a blockage of CSF?
Which structures house the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain?
Which structures house the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain?
What is the primary function of the hippocampus?
What is the primary function of the hippocampus?
Which part of the brain is involved in impulse control?
Which part of the brain is involved in impulse control?
Damage to which area is most likely to cause anterograde amnesia?
Damage to which area is most likely to cause anterograde amnesia?
What condition is associated with damage in the basal ganglia?
What condition is associated with damage in the basal ganglia?
The anterior cingulate cortex is involved in which of the following functions?
The anterior cingulate cortex is involved in which of the following functions?
What role does the amygdala play in the brain?
What role does the amygdala play in the brain?
Which structure connects the mammillary bodies and hippocampus?
Which structure connects the mammillary bodies and hippocampus?
Damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is likely to cause which of the following issues?
Damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is likely to cause which of the following issues?
What is the primary function of the sensory cortex?
What is the primary function of the sensory cortex?
Which area of the cerebral cortex is involved in analyzing sensory information regarding body position?
Which area of the cerebral cortex is involved in analyzing sensory information regarding body position?
What kind of damage is characterized by cortical blindness?
What kind of damage is characterized by cortical blindness?
Which lobe of the brain contains the primary auditory cortex?
Which lobe of the brain contains the primary auditory cortex?
What does the primary motor cortex provide to the motor systems?
What does the primary motor cortex provide to the motor systems?
What additional function does the parietal lobe serve besides processing touch?
What additional function does the parietal lobe serve besides processing touch?
Which cortex is responsible for identifying visual patterns?
Which cortex is responsible for identifying visual patterns?
Which damage can lead to auditory or visual hallucinations?
Which damage can lead to auditory or visual hallucinations?
Which part of the nervous system is encased in bone?
Which part of the nervous system is encased in bone?
What type of messages does the Peripheral Nervous System carry?
What type of messages does the Peripheral Nervous System carry?
Which of the following statements is true about the cells in the Central Nervous System?
Which of the following statements is true about the cells in the Central Nervous System?
Which system is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
Which system is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
What is the primary function of the Somatic Nervous System (SNS)?
What is the primary function of the Somatic Nervous System (SNS)?
Which of the following components is NOT found in the Central Nervous System?
Which of the following components is NOT found in the Central Nervous System?
What distinguishes the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) from the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
What distinguishes the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) from the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Which layer of membranes surrounds the Central Nervous System?
Which layer of membranes surrounds the Central Nervous System?
Flashcards
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
A fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord, acting as a protective cushion and providing nourishment.
Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord
The central part of the nervous system, responsible for processing information and coordinating bodily functions.
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
The outermost layer of the brain, responsible for higher-level cognitive functions like thinking, decision-making, and sensory processing.
Occipital Lobe
Occipital Lobe
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Parietal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
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Temporal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
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Frontal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
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Limbic System
Limbic System
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Basal Ganglia
Basal Ganglia
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus
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White Matter
White Matter
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Gray Matter
Gray Matter
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Sensory Neurons
Sensory Neurons
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Motor Neurons
Motor Neurons
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Spinal Nerves
Spinal Nerves
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Dorsal Root
Dorsal Root
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Ventral Root
Ventral Root
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Motor Cortex
Motor Cortex
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Association Cortex
Association Cortex
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Cortical Blindness
Cortical Blindness
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Somatosensory Cortex
Somatosensory Cortex
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Spinal Cord Damage
Spinal Cord Damage
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Quadriplegia
Quadriplegia
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Paraplegia
Paraplegia
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Study Notes
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Composition similar to blood plasma; serves as protective fluid around the brain and spinal cord.
- Supports and cushions the brain, preventing pressure-induced neuronal damage (e.g., from tumors).
- CSF circulates through the subarachnoid space, central canal of the spinal cord, and cerebral ventricles.
- Produced by choroid plexus in ventricles, replacing itself three times daily; old CSF is reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
- Hydrocephalus occurs when CSF is blocked, causing fluid buildup and brain expansion.
Spinal Cord
- Comprised of white matter (myelinated axons) and grey matter (cell bodies and dendrites).
- Axons from sensory neurons enter through dorsal roots; convey touch, pain, position, and temperature information.
- Axons from motor neurons exit through ventral roots; responsible for movement.
- Consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves, dividing into dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) roots.
- Segments include:
- 8 cervical nerves: head, neck, arms
- 12 thoracic nerves: torso
- 5 lumbar nerves: lower back, legs
- 5 sacral nerves: legs, genitals
- 1 coccygeal nerve
Spinal Cord Damage
- Loss of sensation and voluntary movement below the damage site.
- Quadriplegia: cervical damage causes loss of sensation and movement in all limbs.
- Paraplegia: lumbar damage affects lower torso and legs, sparing arms.
Cerebral Cortex Functional Areas
- Divided into three areas:
- Sensory Cortex: processes incoming sensory information.
- Motor Cortex: issues commands for voluntary movements.
- Association Cortex: integrates sensory and motor functions.
Occipital Lobe
- Houses the primary visual cortex for processing visual information.
- Damage leads to cortical blindness, where individuals lack conscious visual perception despite normal eyes.
Parietal Lobe
- Primary somatosensory cortex is crucial for analyzing sensory information from the body.
- Involved in perceiving the location of objects and body, and directing attention.
Temporal Lobe
- Contains the primary auditory cortex for sound processing; also involved in facial recognition and memory.
- Damage may result in auditory or visual hallucinations.
Frontal Lobe
- Primary motor cortex issues commands for muscle movement; Broca's area is essential for speech production.
- Prefrontal cortex contributes to attention, planning, and behavior; damage can impact personality and planning abilities.
Limbic System
- Regulates motivated behaviors (e.g., fleeing, fighting).
- Key structures include:
- Hippocampus: critical for learning and memory; damage causes anterograde amnesia.
- Amygdala: processes emotions like fear and aggression; influences emotional memory storage.
- Cingulate Cortex: involved in decision-making and pain processing.
Basal Ganglia
- Group of subcortical structures vital for voluntary motor control.
- Includes caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and nucleus accumbens.
- Dysfunction linked to conditions like Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, ADHD, and OCD.
Nervous System Overview
- Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord, encased in bone and covered by three membrane layers; lacks regenerative capabilities.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): all nerves outside the CNS, facilitating sensory and motor communication with the body; can regenerate.
- Divided into Somatic (SNS) and Autonomic (ANS) nervous systems. ANS includes sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, regulating involuntary bodily functions.
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Description
This quiz covers essential information about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including its composition, function, and circulation. Learn how CSF protects the brain and spinal cord while keeping them buoyant within the skull.
