88 Questions
Which term refers to achieving a functional goal in the same way it was performed prior to damage or injury?
Recovery
What is the term used to describe the use of a new motor pattern to achieve the same outcome?
Compensation
What are the mechanisms contributing to neuroplasticity?
Unmasking, collateral sprouting, and cortical reorganisation
What is the goal of neurorehabilitation and the role of the AEP?
To improve functional movement outcomes and support functional recovery
What is the difference between functional recovery and compensation?
Functional recovery involves improved movement outcomes, while compensation involves adapting to limitations
What contributes to functional recovery according to the text?
Neuroplasticity
Which term refers to the ability of the nervous system to reorganize its structure and function as a result of experience?
Neuroplasticity
What is the term for the brain changes that hinder functional recovery or the development of unwanted symptoms?
Maladaptive neuroplasticity
Which mechanism contributes to adaptive neuroplasticity by unmasking silent synapses?
Unmasking
Which type of training promotes cortical reorganization and synaptogenesis in the cortex from neural activity?
Motor skill training
Which healthcare professionals are part of a multidisciplinary neurorehab team?
AEPs, OTs, PTs, GPs, Neurologists, Urologists, Orthotists
What is the primary goal of neurorehabilitation?
To assist the client return to the highest level of function and independence possible
What is the difference between recovery and compensation in neurorehabilitation?
Recovery involves achieving the functional goal in the same way it was performed premorbidly, while compensation involves appearance of new motor patterns
What are the types of functional recovery in neurorehabilitation?
Spontaneous recovery and training-induced recovery
What is the primary focus of neurorehabilitation?
Facilitating functional recovery
Which term describes the ability of the nervous system to reorganize its structure and function after experience?
Neuroplasticity
What is the difference between functional recovery and compensation in neurorehabilitation?
Functional recovery involves regaining lost abilities, while compensation focuses on using alternative strategies
Which term refers to the process of achieving a functional goal in the same way it was performed prior to damage or injury?
Recovery
What is the term used to describe the use of a new motor pattern to achieve the same outcome?
Compensation
Which mechanism contributes to adaptive neuroplasticity by unmasking silent synapses?
Unmasking
Which term refers to the disuse of an impaired limb due to adverse reactions and failure resulting in suppression of behavior?
Maladaptive neuroplasticity
What are the three primary mechanisms contributing to adaptive neuroplasticity?
Unmasking, collateral sprouting, cortical reorganization
Which type of training promotes cortical angiogenesis and supports a neuroplastic and neuroprotective environment?
Aerobic training
What is the goal of neurorehabilitation?
To support the client in attaining the highest level of function and independence possible
Which healthcare professionals are part of a multidisciplinary neurorehab team?
AEPs, OTs, PTs, Neurologists
Which of the following does the role of AEP in neurorehabilitation include?
All of the above
What is the difference between recovery and compensation in neurorehabilitation?
Recovery involves achieving the functional goal in the same way it was performed prior to the injury, while compensation involves the appearance of new motor patterns
What type of functional recovery is achieved through specific intervention designed to affect neural mechanisms?
Training-induced recovery (neuroplasticity)
Which of the following is NOT a key motor learning concept in neurorehabilitation?
Repetition
What is the role of motivation in successful rehabilitation according to the text?
Motivation influences task attention and allocation of cognitive resources.
What is the benefit of goal-setting in motor learning during neurorehabilitation?
Goal-setting leads to improved learning compared to telling people to do their best.
Which type of practice is more effective for neurorehabilitation, according to the text?
Distributed practice
What is the relationship between the amount of task repetitions and cortical changes?
Increasing the amount of task repetitions leads to greater cortical changes
What is the optimal level of task difficulty for motor learning?
Difficulty that is out of the comfort zone
What is the recommended approach for practicing tasks in neurorehabilitation?
Variable practice
What percentage of clients are affected by chronic pain in many neurological disorders?
20-40%
What is a common symptom across many neurological conditions?
Fatigue
Which stage of resistance training focuses on using functional actions impaired by weakness or loss of control to facilitate transfer of training?
Stage 3
Why is aerobic training essential for reducing secondary disease risk in neurological clients?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a key consideration for exercise prescription in neurological clients?
Fitness after stroke
What is the primary goal of enhancing physical activity levels and improving physical conditioning in neurological clients?
Achieving good functional outcomes
Which school at Charles Sturt University is the presenter, Jack Cannon, affiliated with?
School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences
Which of the following factors may contribute to reduced muscle power after stroke?
Contractures
What is the typical daily step count for individuals 3 months to 8 years post-stroke?
1,389-7,379 steps/day
What is the relationship between muscle power and function after stroke?
No major difference in the association between affected and unaffected limb power and function
What is the role of physical fitness in reducing fatigue after stroke?
Physical fitness can influence many pathways to reduce fatigue
According to the text, what percentage of community dwelling people >65yrs fell at least once in the preceding 12 months?
55%
According to the text, where do most falls occur?
In or around the home
According to the text, what percentage of falls occur in people in residential care facilities?
50%
According to the text, what is the total cost of health care associated with fall injuries in NSW?
$558.5 million
Which of the following is NOT a definition of a 'fall' according to the text?
'an intentional change in position where the elder ends up on the floor or ground'
What aspect of falls in older people is NOT covered in the presentation?
Prevention
What is the focus of the presentation?
Falls in older people
Which factors contribute to balance and gait in older adults?
Vision, vestibular input, peripheral sensation, musculoskeletal proficiencies, reaction time, and neuromuscular control
What is the role of exercise in reducing the burden of falls in older adults?
Exercise can modify key risk factors for falls
Which muscles are primarily responsible for driving forward gait?
PF, DF, HF, HE
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to age-associated changes in vision?
Glasses
What is the primary source of information related to balance and gait?
Visual acuity
Which component of the nervous system is responsible for deficits in initiation, speed, and control of movement?
Basal ganglia
Which of the following is NOT an age-associated change in gait?
Reduced joint ROM
Which term refers to the barriers or limitations that shape or influence the motor pattern or outcome of movement?
Physiological barriers
What is the relationship between primary motor impairments and secondary musculoskeletal effects?
Primary motor impairments cause secondary musculoskeletal effects
What is the role of the sensory systems in functional movement?
They contribute to the planning and execution of movement
Which of the following terms refers to objective findings of pathology determined by physical examination?
Signs
Which of the following terms refers to subjective reports associated with pathology perceived by the client?
Symptoms
Which of the following terms refers to musculoskeletal changes that result from the primary CNS lesion?
Secondary effects
Which of the following terms refers to abnormal motor behaviors associated with primary impairments that can be described in terms of intensity?
Positive signs and symptoms
Which of the following is a common symptom associated with lesions within subcortical regions?
Loss of muscle tone
What can significantly impair movement capabilities in individuals with neurological lesions?
Secondary musculoskeletal effects
Which area of the brain can indirectly affect movement through personality, emotion, behavior, and/or cognition changes?
Higher cortical association areas
Which of the following is a characteristic of dysarthria?
Characterized by harsh, awkward speech
Which of the following is NOT a major effect of cerebellar lesions on movement control?
Hypokinesis
Which of the following is a secondary musculoskeletal effect of primary motor impairments?
Deconditioning
What is the primary effect of basal ganglia lesions on movement control?
Hypokinesis
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can result in impairments that constrain functional movement?
Motor control
What is the primary effect of lesions within the motor cortex on movement control?
Deficits in initiation, speed, and control of movement
Which of the following terms refers to the use of a new motor pattern to achieve the same outcome?
Compensation
Which term refers to the inability or difficulty to recruit and/or modulate skeletal motor units to produce force?
Paresis
What is the term for the motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes?
Hypertonicity
Which term describes the ability to selectively activate a muscle allowing isolated joint motion?
Individuation
What is the term for simultaneous activation of additional muscles during functional movements?
Coactivation
What are the common neurological deficits resulting from lesions within the motor cortex?
Paresis, spasticity, and problems with muscle synergies during movement
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lesions within subcortical regions?
Impairments in personality, emotion, behavior, and/or cognition
How do lesions affecting sensory systems impact functional movement?
They significantly constrain functional movement
Which of the following is a characteristic of dysarthria?
Characterised by harsh, awkward speech.
What is the primary effect of basal ganglia lesions on movement control?
Diminished movement and includes bradykinesia, akinesia, and rigidity.
What is the primary goal of enhancing physical activity levels and improving physical conditioning in neurological clients?
To reduce secondary disease risk.
What is the difference between recovery and compensation in neurorehabilitation?
Recovery refers to achieving a functional goal in the same way it was performed prior to damage or injury, while compensation refers to adapting to perform a functional goal in a different way.
Study Notes
Neuroplasticity and Neurorehabilitation
- Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the nervous system to reorganize its structure and function as a result of experience.
- Mechanisms contributing to neuroplasticity include unmasking silent synapses, cortical reorganization, and synaptogenesis.
- Adaptive neuroplasticity is achieved through specific interventions designed to affect neural mechanisms.
Recovery and Compensation
- Recovery refers to achieving a functional goal in the same way it was performed prior to damage or injury.
- Compensation refers to the use of a new motor pattern to achieve the same outcome.
- The goal of neurorehabilitation is to promote functional recovery and minimize compensation.
Neurorehabilitation
- The primary goal of neurorehabilitation is to promote functional recovery and improve overall quality of life.
- A multidisciplinary neurorehab team includes healthcare professionals such as physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists.
- The role of the AEP (Assistive Exercise Professional) in neurorehabilitation includes promoting functional recovery and improving physical activity levels.
Motor Learning and Neurorehabilitation
- Key motor learning concepts in neurorehabilitation include goal-setting, motivation, and practice.
- The benefit of goal-setting in motor learning is to enhance motivation and engagement.
- Task-oriented practice is more effective for neurorehabilitation than non-task-oriented practice.
- The optimal level of task difficulty for motor learning is challenging but achievable.
Exercise and Neurorehabilitation
- Aerobic training is essential for reducing secondary disease risk in neurological clients.
- Resistance training focuses on using functional actions impaired by weakness or loss of control to facilitate transfer of training.
- Enhancing physical activity levels and improving physical conditioning in neurological clients is critical for reducing fatigue and improving overall quality of life.
Falls and Balance in Older Adults
- Factors contributing to balance and gait in older adults include vision, sensory systems, and muscle power.
- Exercise plays a crucial role in reducing the burden of falls in older adults.
- The primary source of information related to balance and gait is the vestibular system.
Neurological Lesions and Movement
- Lesions within the motor cortex can result in primary motor impairments and secondary musculoskeletal effects.
- The primary effect of basal ganglia lesions on movement control is bradykinesia.
- Lesions within subcortical regions can result in impairments that constrain functional movement.
- The primary effect of lesions within the cerebellum on movement control is ataxia.
- The primary effect of lesions within the sensory systems on movement control is impairments in proprioception and balance.
Motor Control and Neurological Lesions
- Dysarthria is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes.
- muscle weakness or paralysis can result from lesions within the motor cortex.
- Abnormal motor behaviors associated with primary impairments can be described in terms of intensity.
- The primary effect of lesions within the motor cortex on movement control is paresis or paralysis.
Test your knowledge on cerebral shock and neuroplasticity with this quiz from the School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences. Explore the short-term loss of function near and far from lesion sites, as well as the ability of the nervous system to reorganize its structure and function through neuroplasticity.
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