Cerebral Shock and Neuroplasticity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to achieving a functional goal in the same way it was performed prior to damage or injury?

  • Compensation
  • Spontaneous recovery
  • Recovery (correct)
  • Neuroplasticity

    • What is the term used to describe the use of a new motor pattern to achieve the same outcome?

  • Neuroplasticity
  • Compensation (correct)
  • Recovery
  • Spontaneous recovery

    • What are the mechanisms contributing to neuroplasticity?

  • Spontaneous recovery, collateral sprouting, and cortical reorganisation
  • Unmasking, spontaneous recovery, and cortical reorganisation
  • Unmasking, collateral sprouting, and cortical reorganisation (correct)
  • Unmasking, collateral sprouting, and spontaneous recovery

    • What is the goal of neurorehabilitation and the role of the AEP?

    <p>To improve functional movement outcomes and support functional recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between functional recovery and compensation?

    <p>Functional recovery involves improved movement outcomes, while compensation involves adapting to limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to functional recovery according to the text?

    <p>Neuroplasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the ability of the nervous system to reorganize its structure and function as a result of experience?

    <p>Neuroplasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the brain changes that hinder functional recovery or the development of unwanted symptoms?

    <p>Maladaptive neuroplasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism contributes to adaptive neuroplasticity by unmasking silent synapses?

    <p>Unmasking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of training promotes cortical reorganization and synaptogenesis in the cortex from neural activity?

    <p>Motor skill training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which healthcare professionals are part of a multidisciplinary neurorehab team?

    <p>AEPs, OTs, PTs, GPs, Neurologists, Urologists, Orthotists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of neurorehabilitation?

    <p>To assist the client return to the highest level of function and independence possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between recovery and compensation in neurorehabilitation?

    <p>Recovery involves achieving the functional goal in the same way it was performed premorbidly, while compensation involves appearance of new motor patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of functional recovery in neurorehabilitation?

    <p>Spontaneous recovery and training-induced recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of neurorehabilitation?

    <p>Facilitating functional recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the ability of the nervous system to reorganize its structure and function after experience?

    <p>Neuroplasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between functional recovery and compensation in neurorehabilitation?

    <p>Functional recovery involves regaining lost abilities, while compensation focuses on using alternative strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the process of achieving a functional goal in the same way it was performed prior to damage or injury?

    <p>Recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the use of a new motor pattern to achieve the same outcome?

    <p>Compensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism contributes to adaptive neuroplasticity by unmasking silent synapses?

    <p>Unmasking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the disuse of an impaired limb due to adverse reactions and failure resulting in suppression of behavior?

    <p>Maladaptive neuroplasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three primary mechanisms contributing to adaptive neuroplasticity?

    <p>Unmasking, collateral sprouting, cortical reorganization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of training promotes cortical angiogenesis and supports a neuroplastic and neuroprotective environment?

    <p>Aerobic training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of neurorehabilitation?

    <p>To support the client in attaining the highest level of function and independence possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which healthcare professionals are part of a multidisciplinary neurorehab team?

    <p>AEPs, OTs, PTs, Neurologists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does the role of AEP in neurorehabilitation include?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between recovery and compensation in neurorehabilitation?

    <p>Recovery involves achieving the functional goal in the same way it was performed prior to the injury, while compensation involves the appearance of new motor patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of functional recovery is achieved through specific intervention designed to affect neural mechanisms?

    <p>Training-induced recovery (neuroplasticity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key motor learning concept in neurorehabilitation?

    <p>Repetition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of motivation in successful rehabilitation according to the text?

    <p>Motivation influences task attention and allocation of cognitive resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of goal-setting in motor learning during neurorehabilitation?

    <p>Goal-setting leads to improved learning compared to telling people to do their best.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of practice is more effective for neurorehabilitation, according to the text?

    <p>Distributed practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the amount of task repetitions and cortical changes?

    <p>Increasing the amount of task repetitions leads to greater cortical changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal level of task difficulty for motor learning?

    <p>Difficulty that is out of the comfort zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for practicing tasks in neurorehabilitation?

    <p>Variable practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of clients are affected by chronic pain in many neurological disorders?

    <p>20-40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom across many neurological conditions?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of resistance training focuses on using functional actions impaired by weakness or loss of control to facilitate transfer of training?

    <p>Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is aerobic training essential for reducing secondary disease risk in neurological clients?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key consideration for exercise prescription in neurological clients?

    <p>Fitness after stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of enhancing physical activity levels and improving physical conditioning in neurological clients?

    <p>Achieving good functional outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school at Charles Sturt University is the presenter, Jack Cannon, affiliated with?

    <p>School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors may contribute to reduced muscle power after stroke?

    <p>Contractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical daily step count for individuals 3 months to 8 years post-stroke?

    <p>1,389-7,379 steps/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between muscle power and function after stroke?

    <p>No major difference in the association between affected and unaffected limb power and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of physical fitness in reducing fatigue after stroke?

    <p>Physical fitness can influence many pathways to reduce fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what percentage of community dwelling people >65yrs fell at least once in the preceding 12 months?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, where do most falls occur?

    <p>In or around the home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what percentage of falls occur in people in residential care facilities?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the total cost of health care associated with fall injuries in NSW?

    <p>$558.5 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a definition of a 'fall' according to the text?

    <p>'an intentional change in position where the elder ends up on the floor or ground'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of falls in older people is NOT covered in the presentation?

    <p>Prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the presentation?

    <p>Falls in older people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors contribute to balance and gait in older adults?

    <p>Vision, vestibular input, peripheral sensation, musculoskeletal proficiencies, reaction time, and neuromuscular control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of exercise in reducing the burden of falls in older adults?

    <p>Exercise can modify key risk factors for falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are primarily responsible for driving forward gait?

    <p>PF, DF, HF, HE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to age-associated changes in vision?

    <p>Glasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of information related to balance and gait?

    <p>Visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nervous system is responsible for deficits in initiation, speed, and control of movement?

    <p>Basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an age-associated change in gait?

    <p>Reduced joint ROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the barriers or limitations that shape or influence the motor pattern or outcome of movement?

    <p>Physiological barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between primary motor impairments and secondary musculoskeletal effects?

    <p>Primary motor impairments cause secondary musculoskeletal effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sensory systems in functional movement?

    <p>They contribute to the planning and execution of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to objective findings of pathology determined by physical examination?

    <p>Signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to subjective reports associated with pathology perceived by the client?

    <p>Symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to musculoskeletal changes that result from the primary CNS lesion?

    <p>Secondary effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to abnormal motor behaviors associated with primary impairments that can be described in terms of intensity?

    <p>Positive signs and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom associated with lesions within subcortical regions?

    <p>Loss of muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can significantly impair movement capabilities in individuals with neurological lesions?

    <p>Secondary musculoskeletal effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain can indirectly affect movement through personality, emotion, behavior, and/or cognition changes?

    <p>Higher cortical association areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of dysarthria?

    <p>Characterized by harsh, awkward speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major effect of cerebellar lesions on movement control?

    <p>Hypokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a secondary musculoskeletal effect of primary motor impairments?

    <p>Deconditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of basal ganglia lesions on movement control?

    <p>Hypokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can result in impairments that constrain functional movement?

    <p>Motor control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of lesions within the motor cortex on movement control?

    <p>Deficits in initiation, speed, and control of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the use of a new motor pattern to achieve the same outcome?

    <p>Compensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the inability or difficulty to recruit and/or modulate skeletal motor units to produce force?

    <p>Paresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes?

    <p>Hypertonicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the ability to selectively activate a muscle allowing isolated joint motion?

    <p>Individuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for simultaneous activation of additional muscles during functional movements?

    <p>Coactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common neurological deficits resulting from lesions within the motor cortex?

    <p>Paresis, spasticity, and problems with muscle synergies during movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lesions within subcortical regions?

    <p>Impairments in personality, emotion, behavior, and/or cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lesions affecting sensory systems impact functional movement?

    <p>They significantly constrain functional movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of dysarthria?

    <p>Characterised by harsh, awkward speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of basal ganglia lesions on movement control?

    <p>Diminished movement and includes bradykinesia, akinesia, and rigidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of enhancing physical activity levels and improving physical conditioning in neurological clients?

    <p>To reduce secondary disease risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between recovery and compensation in neurorehabilitation?

    <p>Recovery refers to achieving a functional goal in the same way it was performed prior to damage or injury, while compensation refers to adapting to perform a functional goal in a different way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neuroplasticity and Neurorehabilitation

    • Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the nervous system to reorganize its structure and function as a result of experience.
    • Mechanisms contributing to neuroplasticity include unmasking silent synapses, cortical reorganization, and synaptogenesis.
    • Adaptive neuroplasticity is achieved through specific interventions designed to affect neural mechanisms.

    Recovery and Compensation

    • Recovery refers to achieving a functional goal in the same way it was performed prior to damage or injury.
    • Compensation refers to the use of a new motor pattern to achieve the same outcome.
    • The goal of neurorehabilitation is to promote functional recovery and minimize compensation.

    Neurorehabilitation

    • The primary goal of neurorehabilitation is to promote functional recovery and improve overall quality of life.
    • A multidisciplinary neurorehab team includes healthcare professionals such as physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists.
    • The role of the AEP (Assistive Exercise Professional) in neurorehabilitation includes promoting functional recovery and improving physical activity levels.

    Motor Learning and Neurorehabilitation

    • Key motor learning concepts in neurorehabilitation include goal-setting, motivation, and practice.
    • The benefit of goal-setting in motor learning is to enhance motivation and engagement.
    • Task-oriented practice is more effective for neurorehabilitation than non-task-oriented practice.
    • The optimal level of task difficulty for motor learning is challenging but achievable.

    Exercise and Neurorehabilitation

    • Aerobic training is essential for reducing secondary disease risk in neurological clients.
    • Resistance training focuses on using functional actions impaired by weakness or loss of control to facilitate transfer of training.
    • Enhancing physical activity levels and improving physical conditioning in neurological clients is critical for reducing fatigue and improving overall quality of life.

    Falls and Balance in Older Adults

    • Factors contributing to balance and gait in older adults include vision, sensory systems, and muscle power.
    • Exercise plays a crucial role in reducing the burden of falls in older adults.
    • The primary source of information related to balance and gait is the vestibular system.

    Neurological Lesions and Movement

    • Lesions within the motor cortex can result in primary motor impairments and secondary musculoskeletal effects.
    • The primary effect of basal ganglia lesions on movement control is bradykinesia.
    • Lesions within subcortical regions can result in impairments that constrain functional movement.
    • The primary effect of lesions within the cerebellum on movement control is ataxia.
    • The primary effect of lesions within the sensory systems on movement control is impairments in proprioception and balance.

    Motor Control and Neurological Lesions

    • Dysarthria is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes.
    • muscle weakness or paralysis can result from lesions within the motor cortex.
    • Abnormal motor behaviors associated with primary impairments can be described in terms of intensity.
    • The primary effect of lesions within the motor cortex on movement control is paresis or paralysis.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on cerebral shock and neuroplasticity with this quiz from the School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences. Explore the short-term loss of function near and far from lesion sites, as well as the ability of the nervous system to reorganize its structure and function through neuroplasticity.

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