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Questions and Answers
What is Cerebral Palsy?
What is Cerebral Palsy?
What defines a developmental disability?
What defines a developmental disability?
An issue that occurs early in life and interferes with motor and cognitive skills.
Static Encephalopathy is a correct classification for cerebral palsy.
Static Encephalopathy is a correct classification for cerebral palsy.
False
Cerebral Palsy characteristics include not being progressive and involving a ______ disorder.
Cerebral Palsy characteristics include not being progressive and involving a ______ disorder.
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What percentage of cases does congenital cerebral palsy occur?
What percentage of cases does congenital cerebral palsy occur?
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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cerebral palsy?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cerebral palsy?
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What results from brain hypoxia?
What results from brain hypoxia?
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What are the four brain injuries that can result in cerebral palsy?
What are the four brain injuries that can result in cerebral palsy?
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What occurs in grades 3 & 4 of intraventricular hemorrhage?
What occurs in grades 3 & 4 of intraventricular hemorrhage?
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Cerebral Dysgenesis is a type of brain ______, not an injury.
Cerebral Dysgenesis is a type of brain ______, not an injury.
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Postnatal cerebral palsy is more common than congenital cerebral palsy.
Postnatal cerebral palsy is more common than congenital cerebral palsy.
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What is the incidence of cerebral palsy in the US?
What is the incidence of cerebral palsy in the US?
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Early signs of cerebral palsy include ______, delayed motor development, and atypical motor performance.
Early signs of cerebral palsy include ______, delayed motor development, and atypical motor performance.
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Study Notes
Cerebral Palsy Overview
- A group of clinical syndromes affecting movement, muscle tone, and coordination caused by injury to the immature brain.
- Classified as a developmental disability, not a single disease.
- First identified by Freud.
Developmental Disabilities
- Interfere with the development of motor and cognitive skills during early life.
Misconceptions about Cerebral Palsy
- Often mislabeled as static encephalopathy which is incorrect; cerebral palsy can change over time and is not static.
Characteristics of Cerebral Palsy
- Condition is non-progressive; no worsening or additional damage to the central nervous system (CNS).
- Involves sensorimotor disorders indicated by abnormal muscle tone and movement patterns, varying from mild to severe.
- Originates from the brain, not from muscles or nerves.
- Considered a lifelong disability.
Congenital Cerebral Palsy
- Accounts for 70-80% of cases, indicating brain injury occurred prior to birth.
- A small percentage arises from birth complications.
Risk Factors
- Difficult to pinpoint specific causes, though low birth weight and prematurity are significant risk factors.
- Intrauterine infections, coagulation disorders, and maternal infections also contribute.
Brain Hypoxia
- Oxygen deprivation to the brain, often leading to cerebral palsy.
Types of Brain Injuries Resulting in Cerebral Palsy
- Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)
- Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
- Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)
- Cerebral Dysgenesis
Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)
- Damage to white matter near lateral ventricles due to ischemia, leading to necrosis and cyst formation.
- Associated with premature birth before 32 weeks; 60-100% of affected infants display signs of cerebral palsy.
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
- Also known as perinatal asphyxia, results from loss of oxygen damaging brain tissue, predominantly in full-term infants.
Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)
- Bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, mainly in infants born over 10 weeks prematurely due to underdeveloped blood vessels.
- Grades 1 & 2 typically cause minimal long-term issues; Grades 3 & 4 can lead to severe bleeding and cerebral palsy.
Hydrocephalus
- Occurs in IVH grades 3 & 4; blood clots obstruct cerebral spinal fluid flow due to pressure or leakage from bleeding.
Cerebral Dysgenesis
- Brain malformation resulting from improper or incomplete brain development.
Traumatic Brain Injury
- Closed head injuries may mimic symptoms of cerebral palsy.
Postnatal Cerebral Palsy
- Rare; caused by cerebrovascular incidents such as meningitis, poisoning, trauma, and endocrine disorders.
Prevalence and Incidence
- Most common childhood motor disability.
- Incidence ranges from 3.1 to 3.6 per 1000 births in the U.S.
- More prevalent in males (1.4:1 ratio) and among black children.
- Higher rates (70% increase) reported in middle to low-income areas.
- Twins have a 400% higher risk due to low birth weights.
Early Signs and Symptoms
- Abnormal muscle tone.
- Reflex and postural abnormalities.
- Delayed motor development.
- Atypical motor performance.
Tone Abnormalities
- Includes hypertonicity, hypotonicity, and fluctuating tone, leading to variable muscular responses.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on cerebral palsy and developmental disabilities with these flashcards from Chapter 2. Learn key terms and definitions that highlight the complexities of movement disorders and their impact on development. This quiz is essential for understanding this important topic in developmental psychology.
