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Questions and Answers
White matter of the cerebral hemisphere consists mainly of nerve fibers.
White matter of the cerebral hemisphere consists mainly of nerve fibers.
True
Commissural fibers connect different cortical areas within the same hemisphere.
Commissural fibers connect different cortical areas within the same hemisphere.
False
The cingulum connects the cingulate gyrus with the hippocampus.
The cingulum connects the cingulate gyrus with the hippocampus.
True
Short association fibers connect distant lobes of the brain.
Short association fibers connect distant lobes of the brain.
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The corpus callosum is the smallest commissure of the brain.
The corpus callosum is the smallest commissure of the brain.
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The arcuate fasciculus connects Broca's area with Wernicke's area.
The arcuate fasciculus connects Broca's area with Wernicke's area.
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The inferior longitudinal bundle extends from the frontal pole to the occipital pole.
The inferior longitudinal bundle extends from the frontal pole to the occipital pole.
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Long association fibers connect cortical areas within the same hemisphere.
Long association fibers connect cortical areas within the same hemisphere.
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The uncinate bundle connects the orbital gyri with the occipital pole.
The uncinate bundle connects the orbital gyri with the occipital pole.
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Projection fibers connect the cerebral cortex with higher centers.
Projection fibers connect the cerebral cortex with higher centers.
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Study Notes
Cerebral Hemispheres: White Matter
- The cerebral hemisphere comprises grey matter (cortex, neuron cell bodies), white matter (nerve fibers), basal ganglia (grey matter within white matter), and lateral ventricles (hemisphere cavities).
- White matter consists of nerve fibers, categorized into three types: association, commissural, and projection fibers.
Types of Fibers
Association Fibers
- Connect different cortical areas within the same hemisphere.
- Two types:
- Short association fibers connect adjacent gyri for coordination.
- Long association fibers connect distant lobes.
- Examples of long association fiber bundles:
- Superior longitudinal bundle: connects cortical areas on the superior-lateral surface, beginning in the frontal pole, passing over the insula, and ending in the occipital and temporal lobes.
- Fronto-occipital bundle: connects the frontal and occipital poles, medial to the superior longitudinal bundle.
- Inferior longitudinal bundle: lies on the inferior surface, connecting the temporal and occipital poles.
- Uncinate bundle: a sharply curved bundle connecting the orbital gyri with the temporal pole.
- Cingulum: a C-shaped bundle within the cingulate gyrus, connecting the cingulate gyrus to the hippocampus.
- Arcuate fasciculus: connects Broca's area (speech production) to Wernicke's area (language comprehension).
- Examples of long association fiber bundles:
Commissural Fibers
- Connect corresponding areas of different hemispheres.
- The corpus callosum is the most significant commissure, connecting similar areas of the two hemispheres, excluding the temporal lobes which are connected by the anterior commissure. It lies at the bottom of the median longitudinal fissure.
- Other commissures: anterior commissure, habenular commissure, posterior commissure, fornix.
Projection Fibers
- Connect higher centers (cerebral cortex) with lower centers (subcortical areas).
- Descending fibers from the cerebral cortex to lower centers, and ascending fibers from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex.
- These fibers travel through a V-shaped structure called the internal capsule.
Corpus Callosum
- The largest and main commissure in the brain (about 10cm long).
- Connects nearly all areas of the two hemispheres except the temporal lobes (connected by the anterior commissure).
- Located at the bottom of the median longitudinal fissure below the falx cerebri.
- Has four parts: rostrum, genu, body, and splenium.
- Blood supply mostly from the anterior cerebral artery, except the splenium which is supplied by the posterior cerebral arteries.
Lesion of Corpus Callosum
- Callosal syndrome (split-brain): a disconnection syndrome occurring when the corpus callosum is damaged, affecting communication between the two hemispheres.
Additional Note
- The different parts of the white matter are visualized in transverse sections at the level of the corpus callosum section.
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Description
Explore the intricate structures of the cerebral hemispheres focusing on white matter. This quiz covers the types of nerve fibers such as association, commissural, and projection fibers, along with their functions and connections within the brain. Test your understanding of these key concepts in neuroanatomy.
