Cerebral Hemispheres Review
33 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

The cerebral hemispheres are located above the tentorium cerebelli.

True (A)

The dominant hemisphere is typically the right one in right-handed individuals.

False (B)

The corpus callosum connects the under surfaces of the two hemispheres.

False (B)

The orbital surface of the frontal lobe has a slightly convex shape.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cerebral cortex consists of grey matter.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sulci are the tortuous folds of the cerebral cortex.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The frontal lobe is situated posterior to the central sulcus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The occipital lobe is located below and behind the parieto-occipital sulcus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The parahippocampal gyrus is located medial to the collateral sulcus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The olfactory bulb is situated on the gyrus rectus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The optic tracts converge behind the optic chiasma.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The calcarine sulcus is located on the medial surface of the temporal lobe.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The uncus is a posterior extension of the parahippocampal gyrus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tuber cinereum is located behind the optic chiasma.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anterior perforated substance is lateral to the optic chiasma on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mamillary bodies are situated anterior to the tuber cinereum.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The orbital gyri are found on the inferior surface of the occipital lobe.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The posterior perforated substance is located anterior to the mamillary bodies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lateral sulcus separates the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The central sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The precentral gyrus is responsible for sensory functions, while the postcentral gyrus is responsible for motor functions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The insula is a portion of the brain located deep within the lateral sulcus, covered by the opercula.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri are located in the parietal lobe.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Broca's area, associated with speech production, is typically found in the left hemisphere's inferior frontal gyrus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The parietal lobe is divided into superior and inferior parietal lobules.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The supramarginal and angular gyri are located within the superior parietal lobule.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The preoccipital notch is a deep fissure that separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The calcarine sulcus contains the primary visual cortex.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cingulate gyrus is located on the medial surface of the hemisphere.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The paracentral lobule houses the medial portion of the central sulcus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cuneus and precuneus are located within the occipital lobe.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lingual gyrus is located superior to the calcarine sulcus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The collateral sulcus separates the lingual gyrus from the medial surface of the occipital lobe.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cerebral Hemispheres

The two halves of the brain that occupy most of the cranial cavity, each having distinct functions.

Corpus Callosum

A band of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between them.

Gyri

The raised folds on the surface of the cerebral cortex that increase surface area for processing.

Sulci

The grooves between the gyri on the cerebral cortex that help define brain regions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lateral Surface

The outer convex surface of each cerebral hemisphere that conforms to the shape of the skull.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Frontal Lobe

The part of the cerebral hemisphere located in front of the central sulcus, associated with reasoning and planning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parietal Lobe

Located behind the central sulcus, it processes sensory information and spatial orientation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Temporal Lobe

The region of the brain below the lateral sulcus, involved in hearing and memory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Paracentral Lobule

A region in the medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes, involved in sensorimotor functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cingulate Sulcus

A groove that separates the cingulate gyrus from the rest of the cerebral cortex, playing a role in emotional processing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Central Sulcus

A prominent groove in the cerebral cortex that separates the frontal and parietal lobes, crucial for motor and sensory functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thalamus

A vital relay station in the brain that processes and transmits sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Septum Pellucidum

A thin membrane that separates the lateral ventricles of the brain, located in the midline.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Habenular Stria

A pair of nerve bundles that connect the habenula to the interpeduncular nucleus, involved in emotional responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cingulate Gyrus

A strip of cortex surrounding the corpus callosum, associated with emotion formation, processing, and learning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parahippocampal Gyrus

A structure in the brain important for memory encoding and retrieval, situated near the hippocampus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Optic Chiasma

The crossing of optic nerves from the eyes, allowing visual signals to be processed by both hemispheres.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interventricular Foramen

The opening that connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle, facilitating cerebrospinal fluid flow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Superolateral Surface

The upper outer part of the brain's surface, separating different lobes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Precentral Gyrus

The region in front of the central sulcus, responsible for motor control functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Postcentral Gyrus

The area behind the central sulcus, involved in processing sensory information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inferior Frontal Gyrus

Part of the frontal lobe associated with language production and processing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lateral Sulcus (Fissure of Sylvius)

A deep groove that separates the frontal and temporal lobes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Supramarginal Gyrus

Located at the upper margin of the parietal lobe, involved in language and spatial awareness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Angular Gyrus

A region in the parietal lobe that plays a role in language, math, and spatial cognition.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parieto-occipital Sulcus

Separates the parietal and occipital lobes, significant in visual processing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cuneus

The wedge-shaped area of the occipital lobe, important for visual processing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Calcarine Sulcus

A sulcus in the occipital lobe essential for the primary visual cortex.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lingual Gyrus

Located below the calcarine sulcus, involved in visual processing of shapes and words.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Floccullus

Part of the cerebellum associated with balance and coordination.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Broca's Area

Region in the inferior frontal gyrus associated with speech production.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Cerebral Hemispheres

  • Occupy most of the cranial cavity, above the anterior and middle cranial fossae, and above the tentorium cerebelli.
  • One hemisphere (usually left in right-handed individuals) is slightly larger and considered the dominant hemisphere.
  • Medial surfaces are flat, against the falx cerebri, and connected by the corpus callosum.
  • Inferior surfaces are more irregular, with the frontal lobe's orbital surface conforming to the anterior cranial fossa, temporal pole fitting the middle fossa, and the occipital lobe sloping to the tentorium.
  • Hemispheres are connected inferiorly by the cerebral peduncles of the midbrain, with diencephalon structures anteriorly.
  • Lateral surfaces are boldly convex, conforming to the skull shape (superolateral surface).
  • All surfaces are covered by grey matter cortex, and internally contain basal nuclei and thalamus.
  • Cortex has complex folds called gyri, and grooves between them are sulci.
  • While brain patterns vary, an underlying similarity exists.
  • Larger sulci divide hemispheres into lobes (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital) based on adjacent cranial bones.
  • Frontal lobe: anterior to central sulcus, above lateral sulcus.
  • Parietal lobe: behind central sulcus, above lateral sulcus.
  • Temporal lobe: below lateral sulcus.
  • Occipital lobe: below and behind parieto-occipital sulcus.

Surface Features (Superolateral Surface)

  • Lateral Sulcus (Fissure of Sylvius): Deep fissure separating frontal and temporal lobes, extending laterally and backward. Posterior ramus is the part on the lateral surface. Branches (anterior and ascending rami) penetrate the inferior frontal gyrus.
  • Orbital, Triangular, and Opercular Parts: Cortex areas bounding short sulci, important for motor speech area (Broca's area) on the left hemisphere.
  • Insula: Buried cortex area, almost completely surrounded by a circular sulcus.
  • Central Sulcus (Fissure of Rolando): Oblique sulcus, starting behind the opercula and turning onto the medial surface. Separates frontal and parietal lobes.
  • Precentral and postcentral gyri are located in front of and behind the central sulcus, containing motor and sensory cortex.
  • Frontal Lobe Subdivision: Superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, separated by horizontal sulci.
  • Temporal Lobe Subdivision: Superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri, similarly subdivided.
  • Central Sulcus and Lateral Sulcus Relationship: The central sulcus does not usually run directly into the lateral sulcus. It's helpful for identifying the central sulcus.
  • Parietal Lobe Subdivision: Superior and inferior parietal lobules, separated by transverse sulcus. Lateral sulcus and superior temporal sulcus project into the inferior parietal lobule. Supramarginal and angular gyri are at the posterior ends of these sulci.

Further Surface Features

  • Occipital Lobe Demarcation: An imaginary line separates the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes. It slopes downward from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the inferior border, often with a preoccipital notch. Another arbitrary line runs backward from the lateral sulcus, meeting the occipital demarcation to define the parietal/temporal junction.

Medial Surface

  • Medial Surfaces: Flat surfaces, viewed during sagittal section which divides midline connections and severing the corpus callosum and third ventricle.
  • Cingulate Gyrus: Forms part of the medial surface above the corpus callosum, and is above the cingulate sulcus.
  • Medial Frontal Gyrus: Extends, anteriorly, to the superior border.
  • Central Sulcus (Medial): Turns onto the medial surface just behind midpoint and is enclosed in the paracentral lobule.
  • Parieto-Occipital Sulcus: Separates parietal from occipital lobe. It extends to the superolateral surface.
  • Cuneus: Wedge-shaped medial surface of the occipital lobe.
  • Precuneus: Between parieto-occipital sulcus and paracentral lobule.
  • Calcarine Sulcus: Runs forward from the occipital pole, critically important for visual cortex. Parieto-occipital sulcus connects to this. Old terminology referred to the part of the calcarine sulcus below the cuneus as the posterior calcarine sulcus. Calcarine and parieto-occipital sulci provide a pattern like the letter Y.
  • Lingual Gyrus: Below the posterior part of the calcarine sulcus; edged by the collateral sulcus.
  • Temporal Lobe Medial Surface: Visible only by dividing cerebral peduncles and removing the brainstem. Best observed using the choroid fissure. Parts around the corpus callosum and diencephalon are part of the limbic system.

Inferior Surface

  • Orbital Surfaces: Frontal lobes' orbital surfaces, sloping inferior surfaces of the temporo-occipital lobe.
  • Straight Gyrus (Rectus): Along the medial margin of the orbital surface, with the olfactory bulb lying on this gyrus.
  • Olfactory Tract: Runs in the olfactory sulcus alongside the gyrus rectus.
  • Orbital Gyri and Sulci: Series of gyri and sulci that form prominences on the orbital part of the frontal bone.
  • Temporal Lobe (Inferior): Temporal pole is boldly convex and merges posteriorly with occipital lobe to form a concave, oblique surface, conforming to tentorium cerebelli. Much of the temporal lobe's medial surface can also be seen from the inferior view. Characterized by parallel occipitotemporal and collateral sulci.
  • Parahippocampal Gyrus: Medial to the collateral sulcus, part of the temporal lobe, curving anteriorly to form the uncus. May appear continuous with lingual gyrus posteriorly.
  • Midline Structures (Inferior): Structures beneath floor of third ventricle, in front of cerebral peduncles, bounded by optic chiasma. Optic tracts diverge around cerebral peduncles high up, under temporal lobe.
  • Tuber Cinereum, Mamillary Bodies, Perforated Substances: Tuber cinereum is a rounded elevation, followed by mamillary bodies, then the posterior perforated substance located deep in the angle between the cerebral peduncles.
  • Anterior Perforated Substance (Anterior): On inferior frontal lobe, lateral to the chiasma. Medial and lateral divisions of olfactory tract diverge.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge about the structure and function of the cerebral hemispheres. This quiz covers topics such as the dominant hemisphere, surfaces, and internal structures like the cortex and basal nuclei. Perfect for students studying neuroanatomy!

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser