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The central sulcus separates the frontal and temporal lobe.
False
The frontal lobe is divided into two longitudinal gyri by the superior and inferior sulci.
False
The parietal lobe is divided into three lobules by the superior and inferior sulci.
False
The lateral sulcus extends from the superolateral surface to the medial surface.
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The cerebral cortex occupies the smallest part of the cranial cavity.
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The calcarine sulcus is occupied by the cingulate gyrus.
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The gyri of the cerebral cortex are demarcated by fissures bearing different names.
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The occipitotemporal sulcus and collateral sulcus are located on the medial surface of the cerebral cortex.
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The parahippocampal gyrus extends to the occipital lobe.
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The precentral gyrus is the premotor area.
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The parietal lobe is involved in visual processing.
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The olfactory tract is located on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe.
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The supramarginal and angular gyri cap the lateral sulcus.
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The precentral and postcentral gyri contain the primary sensory and motor cortical areas respectively.
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The demarcation of the occipital and parietal lobes is formed by the central sulcus.
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The medial surface of the cerebral cortex is curved.
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The cingulate sulcus separates the cingulate gyrus from the medial occipital gyrus.
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The calcarine sulcus forms the superior limit of the cuneus.
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The auditory area is located in the occipital lobe of the brain.
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The cortical layers of the cerebrum are arranged in a 7-layered fashion.
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The hippocampus is responsible for controlling movement and balance.
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The basal ganglia are responsible for controlling autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
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The thalamus is the largest aggregate of grey matter in the cortex.
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The olfactory area is located in the posterior limb of the calcarine sulcus.
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The retrolentiform part of the internal capsule contains fibers from the lateral geniculate body to the auditory area of cortex.
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The caudate nucleus terminates at the point where it joins the amygdaloid body.
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The lentiform nucleus is oval in outline with a concave shape.
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The sublentiform part of the internal capsule contains fibers from the lateral geniculate body to the visual area.
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The internal capsule runs in the convexity of the caudate nucleus.
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Study Notes
Cerebral Cortex Surface Anatomy
- The cerebral cortex is the largest part of the brain, occupying most of the cranial cavity.
- It has a convex superolateral surface, a flat medial surface, and an irregularly concave inferior surface.
- The cerebral cortex is thrown into gyri to fit the smaller cranial cavity, and these gyri are demarcated by sulci with different names.
- The lobes are demarcated by sulci and named after the corresponding cranial bone.
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex
- The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes, running obliquely downward and forward from behind the midpoint of the superior border.
- The frontal lobe is divided into superior, middle, and inferior gyri by two longitudinal sulci.
- The parietal lobe is divided into superior and inferior lobules.
- The temporal lobe is similarly divided into superior and inferior lobules.
- The occipital lobe is demarcated from the parietal lobe by an imaginary line between the parieto-occipital sulcus and the pre-occipital notch.
Topography of the Cerebral Cortex
- The cingulate gyrus lies above the corpus callosum, and the cingulate sulcus separates it from the medial frontal gyrus.
- The medial end of the central sulcus is enclosed by the paracentral lobule.
- The cuneus is a wedge-shaped medial surface of the occipital lobe.
- The calcarine sulcus extends from the occipital pole to the medial surface of the temporal lobe, forming the inferior limit of the cuneus.
Cortical Layers
- Most parts of the cerebrum have a 6-layered arrangement formed by the density and morphology of cortical cells.
- The layers are labeled from 1 to 6 from the pial to ventricular end, and are products of the 'inside out' fashion of cortical cell migration.
- The layers are:
- I: Plexiform/Molecular layer
- II: External granular layer
- III: External pyramidal layer
- IV: Internal granular layer
- V: Internal pyramidal layer
- VI: Multiform layer
Subcortical Organisation
- Hippocampus: learning and memory
- Corpus callosum: connects the two cortical hemispheres
- Cerebellum: movement, balance, and posture
- Basal ganglia: control of behavioral patterns
- Thalamus: interface between the cortex and the rest of the nervous system
- Hypothalamus: homeostasis, control of endocrine (hormone) system
- Brainstem: control of autonomic function
- Spinal cord: nerves going to and from the rest of the body
Internal Structures of the Cortex
- The ventricular system is buried within the cortex
- The largest grey matter aggregate is the medially located thalamus
- The thalamus is flanked laterally by the basal nuclei
- The basal nuclei consist of the caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus), amygdaloid body, and claustrum
Cortical Function
- Frontal lobe: planning, thinking, motor planning, motor output
- Temporal lobe: hearing, smell, memory, feelings
- Parietal lobe: spatial processing, spatial orientation, somatosensory function
- Occipital lobe: vision, visual processing
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Description
Test your knowledge of the surface anatomy of the cerebral cortex, including its structure, gyri, sulci, and lobes. Learn about the different parts of the brain and how they are named. This quiz is perfect for students of anatomy, neuroscience, and medicine.
