Cereal Cyst Nematode Overview
13 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a key method for managing the spread of the CCN nematode?

  • Minimal soil disturbance
  • Increasing irrigation frequency
  • Crop rotation with non-host crops (correct)
  • Planting host crops continuously
  • Which of the following barley varieties is resistant to CCN?

  • Rajkiran (correct)
  • C-200
  • BH 396
  • Wheat MR-1
  • How does deep summer ploughing impact CCN populations?

  • Increases nematode survival
  • Has no effect on nematodes
  • Encourages nematode infestation
  • Reduces nematode population due to desiccation (correct)
  • What effect does early sowing of wheat have on CCN damage?

    <p>Reduces crop loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application rate of carbofuran for controlling CCN in highly infected fields?

    <p>2 kg a.i / ha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main cereal crops are primarily affected by the Cereal Cyst Nematode in India?

    <p>Wheat and barley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate loss range caused by the Cereal Cyst Nematode known as 'Molya' disease in Rajasthan and Haryana?

    <p>8.2-28.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which months do the J2 hatch and start emerging from cysts of the Cereal Cyst Nematode?

    <p>November to January</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with the adult Cereal Cyst Nematode?

    <p>Segmented body with spikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many generations does the Cereal Cyst Nematode typically complete in one year?

    <p>One generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a visible symptom of infection by the Cereal Cyst Nematode around January to February?

    <p>White glistering females on the roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the eggs of the Cereal Cyst Nematode?

    <p>They can remain viable for several years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the Cereal Cyst Nematode have on plant growth?

    <p>Causes stunted growth and reduced tillering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera avenae) Overview

    • Discovered as a cereal parasite in Germany (Kuhn, 1874), first recorded in India (Vasudeva, 1958) from Rajasthan.
    • Major hosts include wheat and barley; oats are significant in Europe.
    • Known as 'Molya' disease in Rajasthan and Haryana, causing losses between 8.2% - 28.8%.

    Infection Symptoms

    • Stunted plant growth and chlorosis observed when crops are 1-2 months old.
    • Reduced tillering leads to thinner, weaker culms.
    • Premature flowering and decreased grain yield; severe cases may result in no grain formation.
    • Roots exhibit bushy, swollen appearances; white female nematodes are visible on roots by January-February.

    Nematode Biology

    • Lemon-shaped brown cysts containing approximately 400 eggs form at crop maturity (March-April).
    • Cysts detach from roots and remain dormant in soil until November.
    • J2 larvae hatch and emerge from cysts between November and January; only about 50% eggs hatch per season.
    • J2 penetrate roots behind the tip, become sedentary in vascular bundles, and form syncytia.
    • After feeding, develop into adults through three molts, while retaining a stylet and flask shape.

    Control and Management Strategies (INM)

    • Effective crop rotation for 1-2 years with non-host crops such as mustard, chickpea, and carrots.
    • Deep summer ploughing (2-3 times in May-June) reduces nematode populations through desiccation.
    • Early sowing of wheat by two weeks can minimize crop loss.
    • Resistant barley varieties like Rajkiran, C-164, and BH 393 limit nematode reproduction.
    • Resistant wheat variety Raj MR-1 available for molya-infested fields.
    • Application of carbofuran (2 kg a.i./ha) in heavily infected fields can increase wheat yield by 150-200%.

    Lifecycle Key Points

    • Cysts remain viable in soil for multiple years; one generation completed annually.
    • Root exudates typically do not stimulate hatching.
    • The lifecycle includes three juvenile stages (J2, J3, J4), with adults visible as pearly white dots on roots by late January.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the characteristics, symptoms, and biology of the Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera avenae), a significant parasite affecting wheat and barley. Learn about its discovery, impact on crop growth, and life cycle stages. This quiz provides key insights into this crop-threatening nematode.

    More Like This

    Cereal Crops Quiz
    5 questions
    Cereal Grains Quiz
    10 questions
    Cereal Crop Production and Management Quiz
    0 questions

    Cereal Crop Production and Management Quiz

    BetterThanExpectedCognition6143 avatar
    BetterThanExpectedCognition6143
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser