Cephalosporin Antibiotics Properties and Uses
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not recommended for use in pregnant women?

  • Oseltamivir
  • Zanamivir
  • Poramivire
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the mode of administration of Oseltamivir?

  • Oral (correct)
  • Intranazal
  • Inhaler
  • Injection

What is the common side effect of Oseltamivir and Zanamivir?

  • Diarrhea and abdominal pain
  • Muscle pain and fatigue
  • Nausea and vomiting (correct)
  • Headache and fever

What is the advantage of Poramivire?

<p>Once-daily administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of RNA inhibitors?

<p>Silent form with RNA i fragment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of RNA inhibitors on the immune system?

<p>Escape from the immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Influenza virus hemagglutinin + C3d?

<p>Increase in local Ig A and serum IgG levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of Influenza virus hemagglutinin + C3d?

<p>Long-term prophylaxis efficacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of viral reverse transcriptase enzyme in the HIV replication process?

<p>To transform viral RNA into a copy of viral double-stranded DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of zidovudine (AZT) against HIV?

<p>It selectively shows affinity for reverse transcriptase of HIV, stopping viral DNA synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of zidovudine treatment in infected pregnant women?

<p>It reduces the risk of HIV transmission to the newborn by 2/3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 1% solution effective in treating?

<p>HSV-1 or HSV-2 keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of prolonged treatment with zidovudine and other nucleoside analogues?

<p>It increases the likelihood that HIV will gain resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is trifluridine solution used for?

<p>Treating acyclovir-resistant HSV infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ganciclovir sodium's in vitro efficacy against cytomegalovirus compared to acyclovir?

<p>50 times stronger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration of zidovudine?

<p>Both orally and intravenous (i.v.) infusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the category of antiretroviral drugs that includes zidovudine?

<p>Nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ganciclovir sodium effective against, besides cytomegalovirus?

<p>HSV, VZV, and EBVs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using Cephalosporin antibiotics?

<p>As a preventive therapy before surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using zidovudine in a person stuck with a blood-contaminated needle with HIV?

<p>To prevent infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what form is ganciclovir sodium administered in some countries?

<p>In the form of implants, through surgical intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative to ganciclovir sodium in SMV infections due to resistance?

<p>Foscarnet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of Imipenem over 3rd generation cephalosporins?

<p>It has a very broad spectrum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of zidovudine on the proliferation of HIV?

<p>It inhibits the proliferation of HIV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of ganciclovir sodium?

<p>Neutropenia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of administration for Imipenem?

<p>Intravenous (IV) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Ampicillin and Amoxicillin in terms of absorption?

<p>Amoxicillin has a higher absorption rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ganciclovir sodium ineffective against?

<p>Viruses that settle in the brain, liver, and GI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of B lactamase inhibitors + penicillin combinations?

<p>To treat Gram-negative bacterial infections, including E. coli and H. influenza (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using Ampicillin in bile tract infections?

<p>It is excreted into bile and enters into the enterohepatic circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of Cephalosporin antibiotics?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Imipenem and Cephalosporin antibiotics?

<p>Imipenem is a carbapenem derivative, while Cephalosporin is a type of beta-lactam antibiotic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the additional effect of interferon-alphas besides antiviral effects?

<p>Antineoplastic effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT used as an antiviral or antineoplastic?

<p>Interferon-beta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of interferon-alpha molecules?

<p>Inducing the synthesis of specific proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of elimination of Favipiravir?

<p>Hepatic metabolism by aldehyde oxidase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Tmax of Favipiravir when administered orally?

<p>0.5 to 1 hour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Favipiravir?

<p>Inhibiting viral gene replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bioavailability of Favipiravir when administered orally?

<p>Close to 100% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of Favipiravir?

<p>4 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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