Cephalosporin Antibiotics Properties and Uses

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Which of the following is not recommended for use in pregnant women?

Oseltamivir

Zanamivir

Poramivire

All of the above (correct)

What is the mode of administration of Oseltamivir?

Oral (correct)

Intranazal

Inhaler

Injection

What is the common side effect of Oseltamivir and Zanamivir?

Diarrhea and abdominal pain

Muscle pain and fatigue

Nausea and vomiting (correct)

Headache and fever

What is the advantage of Poramivire?

Once-daily administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of RNA inhibitors?

Silent form with RNA i fragment Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of RNA inhibitors on the immune system?

Escape from the immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Influenza virus hemagglutinin + C3d?

Increase in local Ig A and serum IgG levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of Influenza virus hemagglutinin + C3d?

Long-term prophylaxis efficacy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of viral reverse transcriptase enzyme in the HIV replication process?

To transform viral RNA into a copy of viral double-stranded DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of zidovudine (AZT) against HIV?

It selectively shows affinity for reverse transcriptase of HIV, stopping viral DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of zidovudine treatment in infected pregnant women?

It reduces the risk of HIV transmission to the newborn by 2/3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the 1% solution effective in treating?

HSV-1 or HSV-2 keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of prolonged treatment with zidovudine and other nucleoside analogues?

It increases the likelihood that HIV will gain resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is trifluridine solution used for?

Treating acyclovir-resistant HSV infections Signup and view all the answers

What is ganciclovir sodium's in vitro efficacy against cytomegalovirus compared to acyclovir?

50 times stronger Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration of zidovudine?

Both orally and intravenous (i.v.) infusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the category of antiretroviral drugs that includes zidovudine?

Nucleoside/nucleotide analogues Signup and view all the answers

What is ganciclovir sodium effective against, besides cytomegalovirus?

HSV, VZV, and EBVs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using Cephalosporin antibiotics?

As a preventive therapy before surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using zidovudine in a person stuck with a blood-contaminated needle with HIV?

To prevent infection Signup and view all the answers

In what form is ganciclovir sodium administered in some countries?

In the form of implants, through surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative to ganciclovir sodium in SMV infections due to resistance?

Foscarnet Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of Imipenem over 3rd generation cephalosporins?

It has a very broad spectrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of zidovudine on the proliferation of HIV?

It inhibits the proliferation of HIV Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of ganciclovir sodium?

Neutropenia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of administration for Imipenem?

Intravenous (IV) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Ampicillin and Amoxicillin in terms of absorption?

Amoxicillin has a higher absorption rate Signup and view all the answers

What is ganciclovir sodium ineffective against?

Viruses that settle in the brain, liver, and GI Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of B lactamase inhibitors + penicillin combinations?

To treat Gram-negative bacterial infections, including E. coli and H. influenza Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using Ampicillin in bile tract infections?

It is excreted into bile and enters into the enterohepatic circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of Cephalosporin antibiotics?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Imipenem and Cephalosporin antibiotics?

Imipenem is a carbapenem derivative, while Cephalosporin is a type of beta-lactam antibiotic Signup and view all the answers

What is the additional effect of interferon-alphas besides antiviral effects?

Antineoplastic effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT used as an antiviral or antineoplastic?

Interferon-beta Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of interferon-alpha molecules?

Inducing the synthesis of specific proteins Signup and view all the answers