40 Questions
Which of the following is not recommended for use in pregnant women?
All of the above
What is the mode of administration of Oseltamivir?
Oral
What is the common side effect of Oseltamivir and Zanamivir?
Nausea and vomiting
What is the advantage of Poramivire?
Once-daily administration
What is the mechanism of action of RNA inhibitors?
Silent form with RNA i fragment
What is the effect of RNA inhibitors on the immune system?
Escape from the immune system
What is the effect of Influenza virus hemagglutinin + C3d?
Increase in local Ig A and serum IgG levels
What is the benefit of Influenza virus hemagglutinin + C3d?
Long-term prophylaxis efficacy
What is the primary function of viral reverse transcriptase enzyme in the HIV replication process?
To transform viral RNA into a copy of viral double-stranded DNA
What is the mechanism of action of zidovudine (AZT) against HIV?
It selectively shows affinity for reverse transcriptase of HIV, stopping viral DNA synthesis
What is the benefit of zidovudine treatment in infected pregnant women?
It reduces the risk of HIV transmission to the newborn by 2/3
What is the 1% solution effective in treating?
HSV-1 or HSV-2 keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis
What is the consequence of prolonged treatment with zidovudine and other nucleoside analogues?
It increases the likelihood that HIV will gain resistance
What is trifluridine solution used for?
Treating acyclovir-resistant HSV infections
What is ganciclovir sodium's in vitro efficacy against cytomegalovirus compared to acyclovir?
50 times stronger
What is the route of administration of zidovudine?
Both orally and intravenous (i.v.) infusion
What is the category of antiretroviral drugs that includes zidovudine?
Nucleoside/nucleotide analogues
What is ganciclovir sodium effective against, besides cytomegalovirus?
HSV, VZV, and EBVs
What is the primary purpose of using Cephalosporin antibiotics?
As a preventive therapy before surgery
What is the purpose of using zidovudine in a person stuck with a blood-contaminated needle with HIV?
To prevent infection
In what form is ganciclovir sodium administered in some countries?
In the form of implants, through surgical intervention
What is the alternative to ganciclovir sodium in SMV infections due to resistance?
Foscarnet
What is the main advantage of Imipenem over 3rd generation cephalosporins?
It has a very broad spectrum
What is the effect of zidovudine on the proliferation of HIV?
It inhibits the proliferation of HIV
What is a common side effect of ganciclovir sodium?
Neutropenia
What is the primary route of administration for Imipenem?
Intravenous (IV)
What is the main difference between Ampicillin and Amoxicillin in terms of absorption?
Amoxicillin has a higher absorption rate
What is ganciclovir sodium ineffective against?
Viruses that settle in the brain, liver, and GI
What is the primary use of B lactamase inhibitors + penicillin combinations?
To treat Gram-negative bacterial infections, including E. coli and H. influenza
What is the advantage of using Ampicillin in bile tract infections?
It is excreted into bile and enters into the enterohepatic circulation
What is a common side effect of Cephalosporin antibiotics?
All of the above
What is the main difference between Imipenem and Cephalosporin antibiotics?
Imipenem is a carbapenem derivative, while Cephalosporin is a type of beta-lactam antibiotic
What is the additional effect of interferon-alphas besides antiviral effects?
Antineoplastic effect
Which of the following is NOT used as an antiviral or antineoplastic?
Interferon-beta
What is the mechanism of action of interferon-alpha molecules?
Inducing the synthesis of specific proteins
What is the main route of elimination of Favipiravir?
Hepatic metabolism by aldehyde oxidase
What is the Tmax of Favipiravir when administered orally?
0.5 to 1 hour
What is the mechanism of action of Favipiravir?
Inhibiting viral gene replication
What is the bioavailability of Favipiravir when administered orally?
Close to 100%
What is the half-life of Favipiravir?
4 hours
This quiz covers the properties, uses, and side effects of Cephalosporin antibiotics, including Imipenem and second-generation antibiotics.
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