Central Place Theory and Regional Economics

The 'Threshold' refers to the minimum population required to sustain a specific service or business in a central place.

The 'Range' is the maximum distance that consumers are willing to travel to purchase goods or services from a central place.

Higher order settlements are larger cities that offer specialized services like hospitals, while lower order settlements are smaller towns providing basic services such as grocery stores.

<p>The three main principles are the Marketing Principle (K=3), which balances distribution of services; the Transportation Principle (K=4), which minimizes transportation costs; and the Administrative Principle (K=7), explaining administrative functions of central places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The isotropic surface assumption is crucial because it assumes a uniform land structure without barriers, allowing for predictable spacing and distribution of central places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spatial analysis evaluates how location influences economic outcomes by examining factors such as resource availability and infrastructure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forecasting helps to understand economic changes resulting from the start or closure of enterprises, which can affect employment and local services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Location theory analyzes the factors influencing businesses' choice of location, including transportation costs and labor availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both direct and indirect benefits can be quantified, such as job creation and increased local spending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urban and rural economics examines the distinct economic activities and challenges faced by urban and rural areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formal, functional, and perceptual (vernacular) regions are the three classifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interregional trade and migration impact economic dynamics by altering the flow of goods, services, and labor between regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regional policy analysis evaluates the effectiveness of government strategies aimed at enhancing regional economic growth and equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Fourth Ring represents an area where livestock farming occurs, benefiting from low transportation costs as animals can move themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One criticism is that the model assumes uniform transportation costs, ignoring the cost variations of different transport modes. Another is that it does not account for topographical variations like mountains or soil fertility differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involuntary migration is the forced movement of people due to adverse factors like conflict or disaster. An example is people displaced by war or natural disasters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal migration involves moving within the same country, while external migration involves crossing political boundaries to a different country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Christaller’s Central Place Theory suggests that urban centers serve as 'central places' providing goods and services to surrounding areas, organized in a hierarchical structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chain migration occurs when one migrant's success encourages others from the same community to follow and migrate to the same area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Step migration is a gradual relocation process where individuals move in stages to reach their final destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern technologies like refrigeration have diminished the impact of perishability, allowing for longer storage and transportation of perishable goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Growth Pole Theory suggests that certain urban hubs attract industries, investments, and labor, stimulating surrounding areas through a ripple effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Markov Chain Model uses probabilities to study the evolution of savings and capital, based solely on the current state of the economy rather than its history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key features include state dependence, transition probabilities, and capital accumulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The public sector invests in human capital, infrastructure, and natural capital to address systemic poverty issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased demand for housing and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public institutional capital involves strengthening governance through effective administration, judiciary, and law enforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create demand for goods and services from upstream industries, boosting local suppliers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transition probabilities define the likelihood of moving between different states of saving and investment based on current conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protecting natural capital ensures the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems, which is vital for sustainable growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SOC includes essential infrastructure like roads, irrigation, power, transport, and communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trade flow is influenced by the economic sizes of the countries and the distance between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smart cities benefit through improved connectivity, resource efficiency, and regional growth driven by focused urban development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They turn outputs of an industry into inputs for other industries, leading to further economic activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If one sector faces problems, it could jeopardize the interconnected businesses relying on it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic development concentrates around specific hubs rather than being uniformly distributed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires various supplies such as steel and tires, stimulating growth in those supplier industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The HPI for developing countries focuses on survival, knowledge, and economic deprivations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HPI-1 focuses on developing countries with a life expectancy below 40 years, while HPI-2 focuses on developed countries with a life expectancy below 60 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The MPI examines multiple dimensions of poverty, including child mortality, nutrition, and years of schooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Losch's theory posits that the primary goal of an industry is to find the location that maximizes profit, rather than simply minimizing costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Losch's theory, higher demand for a product encourages industries to lower prices, thereby increasing profit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Losch assumes that the region is homogeneous, with evenly distributed raw materials and uniform transport costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Losch proposes that market areas evolve into hexagonal patterns around a central city during industrial development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic homogeneity means the population has similar tastes, skills, and opportunities, which influences demand and location decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers