Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which part of the central nervous system primarily handles reflexes and independent movements?
Which part of the central nervous system primarily handles reflexes and independent movements?
- Spinal Cord (correct)
- Cerebral Cortex
- Higher Brain
- Lower Brain
Inhibitory signals can enhance the transmission of nerve signals.
Inhibitory signals can enhance the transmission of nerve signals.
False (B)
What plays a key role in the integration of new sensory experiences with existing memories?
What plays a key role in the integration of new sensory experiences with existing memories?
Stored memories
The ___ is responsible for filtering and prioritizing new information based on memory.
The ___ is responsible for filtering and prioritizing new information based on memory.
Match the following neurotransmitter receptor types with their functions:
Match the following neurotransmitter receptor types with their functions:
Synaptic facilitation refers to the ability of synapses to:
Synaptic facilitation refers to the ability of synapses to:
Electrical synapses allow signals to move in only one direction.
Electrical synapses allow signals to move in only one direction.
What is the primary function of presynaptic terminals?
What is the primary function of presynaptic terminals?
The ___ is the part of the neuron that extends to communicate with other neurons.
The ___ is the part of the neuron that extends to communicate with other neurons.
Which is not a characteristic of chemical synapses?
Which is not a characteristic of chemical synapses?
Which of the following is a mechanism of inhibition?
Which of the following is a mechanism of inhibition?
Neuropeptides are synthesized in the presynaptic terminal by ribosomes.
Neuropeptides are synthesized in the presynaptic terminal by ribosomes.
What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
During an EPSP, the influx of Na+ increases the membrane potential to __________.
During an EPSP, the influx of Na+ increases the membrane potential to __________.
Match the types of synaptic transmission with their characteristics:
Match the types of synaptic transmission with their characteristics:
What can lead to synaptic fatigue?
What can lead to synaptic fatigue?
The time taken for neurotransmitter release and receptor binding is known as synaptic delay.
The time taken for neurotransmitter release and receptor binding is known as synaptic delay.
What is the role of the Na-K-ATPase pump in neuronal function?
What is the role of the Na-K-ATPase pump in neuronal function?
During IPSP, the membrane potential can reach close to __________.
During IPSP, the membrane potential can reach close to __________.
Which of the following neurotransmitters has both excitatory and inhibitory effects?
Which of the following neurotransmitters has both excitatory and inhibitory effects?
Which neurotransmitter is secreted mainly at synapses in the spinal cord and is always inhibitory?
Which neurotransmitter is secreted mainly at synapses in the spinal cord and is always inhibitory?
Dopamine is predominantly excitatory in its effects.
Dopamine is predominantly excitatory in its effects.
What area of the brain contains noradrenergic neurons that increase wakefulness?
What area of the brain contains noradrenergic neurons that increase wakefulness?
________ is secreted by the presynaptic terminals in many sensory pathways and is always excitatory.
________ is secreted by the presynaptic terminals in many sensory pathways and is always excitatory.
What is the primary role of serotonin in the nervous system?
What is the primary role of serotonin in the nervous system?
Match the following neurotransmitters to their primary effect:
Match the following neurotransmitters to their primary effect:
Nitric oxide can alter membrane potential.
Nitric oxide can alter membrane potential.
Which neurotransmitter is synthesized instantly as needed and diffuses out of the presynaptic terminals?
Which neurotransmitter is synthesized instantly as needed and diffuses out of the presynaptic terminals?
__________ is secreted by neurons in the basal ganglia and affects the striatal region.
__________ is secreted by neurons in the basal ganglia and affects the striatal region.
Which neurotransmitter is known to have an excitatory effect during the embryonic period?
Which neurotransmitter is known to have an excitatory effect during the embryonic period?
Which area of the nervous system is primarily responsible for coordinating fine motor control?
Which area of the nervous system is primarily responsible for coordinating fine motor control?
Sensory information is always discarded by the brain after initial processing.
Sensory information is always discarded by the brain after initial processing.
What is the primary function of synapses in the nervous system?
What is the primary function of synapses in the nervous system?
The part of the brain that acts as a relay station for sensory information is the ______.
The part of the brain that acts as a relay station for sensory information is the ______.
Match the nervous system areas with their respective functions:
Match the nervous system areas with their respective functions:
Which structure is responsible for the contraction of smooth muscles in internal organs?
Which structure is responsible for the contraction of smooth muscles in internal organs?
The axon of a neuron can receive input signals.
The axon of a neuron can receive input signals.
What is the primary role of sensory receptors in the nervous system?
What is the primary role of sensory receptors in the nervous system?
Signal normally passes only in the ______ direction across synapses.
Signal normally passes only in the ______ direction across synapses.
Which structure is NOT involved in the initial processing of sensory information?
Which structure is NOT involved in the initial processing of sensory information?
What occurs in synaptic facilitation?
What occurs in synaptic facilitation?
Which type of synapse allows bidirectional transmission of signals?
Which type of synapse allows bidirectional transmission of signals?
What is primarily responsible for the inhibition of postsynaptic neurons?
What is primarily responsible for the inhibition of postsynaptic neurons?
What role do second-messengers play in neuronal function?
What role do second-messengers play in neuronal function?
What is the primary function of the presynaptic terminal in a neuron?
What is the primary function of the presynaptic terminal in a neuron?
Which anatomical structure in the CNS is primarily involved in autonomic functions?
Which anatomical structure in the CNS is primarily involved in autonomic functions?
What mechanism can enhance synaptic transmission?
What mechanism can enhance synaptic transmission?
Which neurotransmitter is predominantly secreted by postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system?
Which neurotransmitter is predominantly secreted by postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system?
What characterizes ionotropic receptors?
What characterizes ionotropic receptors?
What is a key function of the G-protein complex in signal transduction?
What is a key function of the G-protein complex in signal transduction?
What is primarily stored in the cerebral cortex?
What is primarily stored in the cerebral cortex?
What is the primary effect of glutamate when secreted in sensory pathways?
What is the primary effect of glutamate when secreted in sensory pathways?
Which neurotransmitter affects mood and helps in pain inhibition in the higher regions of the nervous system?
Which neurotransmitter affects mood and helps in pain inhibition in the higher regions of the nervous system?
Which neurotransmitter is synthesized instantly as needed and plays a role in long-term behavior and memory?
Which neurotransmitter is synthesized instantly as needed and plays a role in long-term behavior and memory?
During which life stage is GABA primarily excitatory rather than inhibitory?
During which life stage is GABA primarily excitatory rather than inhibitory?
What role does dopamine primarily serve in the nervous system?
What role does dopamine primarily serve in the nervous system?
Which neurotransmitter is secreted by neurons originating in the substantia nigra and primarily inhibits activity in the basal ganglia?
Which neurotransmitter is secreted by neurons originating in the substantia nigra and primarily inhibits activity in the basal ganglia?
Where is norepinephrine primarily secreted from in the nervous system?
Where is norepinephrine primarily secreted from in the nervous system?
What is the effect of glycine when secreted at synapses?
What is the effect of glycine when secreted at synapses?
What is a primary effect of presynaptic inhibition at presynaptic terminals?
What is a primary effect of presynaptic inhibition at presynaptic terminals?
What mechanism primarily contributes to the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?
What mechanism primarily contributes to the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?
What is primarily responsible for the coordination of fine motor control?
What is primarily responsible for the coordination of fine motor control?
Which of the following statements about small-molecule neurotransmitters is correct?
Which of the following statements about small-molecule neurotransmitters is correct?
What is the effect of synaptic fatigue on neuronal firing?
What is the effect of synaptic fatigue on neuronal firing?
Which structure serves as a relay station for sensory information within the brain?
Which structure serves as a relay station for sensory information within the brain?
During which phase does spatial summation occur?
During which phase does spatial summation occur?
What is the role of synapses in neuronal communication?
What is the role of synapses in neuronal communication?
Sensory information can lead to which of the following outcomes?
Sensory information can lead to which of the following outcomes?
What occurs during the process of electrotonic conduction in dendrites?
What occurs during the process of electrotonic conduction in dendrites?
Which part of the nervous system is primarily for integrating sensory information for perception?
Which part of the nervous system is primarily for integrating sensory information for perception?
What is effect of alkalosis on neuronal excitability?
What is effect of alkalosis on neuronal excitability?
Which characteristic of dendrites affects the efficacy of synaptic signals?
Which characteristic of dendrites affects the efficacy of synaptic signals?
What is the function of the reticular substance in the brain?
What is the function of the reticular substance in the brain?
Which neurotransmitter can have both excitatory and inhibitory effects?
Which neurotransmitter can have both excitatory and inhibitory effects?
Which is NOT a function of the motor cortex?
Which is NOT a function of the motor cortex?
Which of the following describes the anatomical structures that perform functions dictated by nerve signals?
Which of the following describes the anatomical structures that perform functions dictated by nerve signals?
What happens to more than 99% of sensory information in the brain?
What happens to more than 99% of sensory information in the brain?
Flashcards
Neuron
Neuron
A specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses.
Synapse
Synapse
Junction between two neurons where signals are transferred.
Sensory Receptors
Sensory Receptors
Specialized cells that detect and respond to stimuli.
Sensory Information Pathway
Sensory Information Pathway
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Spinal Cord (Sensory)
Spinal Cord (Sensory)
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Reticular Substance
Reticular Substance
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Cerebellum
Cerebellum
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Thalamus
Thalamus
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Motor Functions
Motor Functions
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Levels of Skeletal Muscle Control
Levels of Skeletal Muscle Control
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Synaptic Facilitation
Synaptic Facilitation
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Chemical Synapses
Chemical Synapses
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Electrical Synapses
Electrical Synapses
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Presynaptic Terminal
Presynaptic Terminal
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Synaptic Cleft
Synaptic Cleft
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Postsynaptic Neuron
Postsynaptic Neuron
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Lower Brain/Subcortical Level
Lower Brain/Subcortical Level
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Higher Brain or Cortical Level
Higher Brain or Cortical Level
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Ease of Transmission
Ease of Transmission
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Regulation by External Signals
Regulation by External Signals
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Metabolic Changes in Neuron Membrane
Metabolic Changes in Neuron Membrane
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Inhibition Mechanisms (neurons)
Inhibition Mechanisms (neurons)
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Synaptic Transmitters (Small Molecules)
Synaptic Transmitters (Small Molecules)
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Synaptic Transmitters (Neuropeptides)
Synaptic Transmitters (Neuropeptides)
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Co-transmission
Co-transmission
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Resting Membrane Potential
Resting Membrane Potential
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EPSP (Excitatory)
EPSP (Excitatory)
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IPSP (Inhibitory)
IPSP (Inhibitory)
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Spatial Summation
Spatial Summation
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Synaptic Fatigue
Synaptic Fatigue
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Norepinephrine function
Norepinephrine function
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Dopamine secretion location
Dopamine secretion location
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Glycine's role
Glycine's role
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GABA function
GABA function
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Glutamate's role
Glutamate's role
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Serotonin's role
Serotonin's role
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Nitric oxide function
Nitric oxide function
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Dopamine's action
Dopamine's action
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Nerve terminal locations of NE
Nerve terminal locations of NE
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Locations of NE secreting neurons
Locations of NE secreting neurons
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Neuron function
Neuron function
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Sensory Receptors
Sensory Receptors
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Sensory Input Pathway
Sensory Input Pathway
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Spinal Cord (Sensory)
Spinal Cord (Sensory)
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Reticular Substance
Reticular Substance
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Synapse
Synapse
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Motor Functions
Motor Functions
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Levels of Skeletal Muscle Control
Levels of Skeletal Muscle Control
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Integrative Function
Integrative Function
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Ease of Transmission
Ease of Transmission
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Regulation by External Signals
Regulation by External Signals
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Synaptic Facilitation
Synaptic Facilitation
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Chemical Synapses
Chemical Synapses
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Electrical Synapses
Electrical Synapses
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Presynaptic Terminal
Presynaptic Terminal
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Synaptic Cleft
Synaptic Cleft
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Postsynaptic Neuron
Postsynaptic Neuron
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Higher Brain Level
Higher Brain Level
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Lower Brain Level
Lower Brain Level
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Metabolic Changes (Neuron)
Metabolic Changes (Neuron)
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Inhibition Mechanisms (Neuron)
Inhibition Mechanisms (Neuron)
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Small-Molecule Transmitters
Small-Molecule Transmitters
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Neuropeptides
Neuropeptides
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Co-transmission
Co-transmission
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Resting Membrane Potential
Resting Membrane Potential
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EPSP (Excitatory)
EPSP (Excitatory)
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IPSP (Inhibitory)
IPSP (Inhibitory)
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Spatial Summation
Spatial Summation
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Synaptic Fatigue
Synaptic Fatigue
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Norepinephrine secretion
Norepinephrine secretion
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Dopamine location
Dopamine location
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Glycine's function
Glycine's function
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GABA's function
GABA's function
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Glutamate's role
Glutamate's role
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Serotonin's function
Serotonin's function
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Nitric Oxide's effect
Nitric Oxide's effect
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Dopamine's action
Dopamine's action
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Nerve terminals of NE
Nerve terminals of NE
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NE Secreting Neuron locations
NE Secreting Neuron locations
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