Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which part of the nervous system allows cells of the immune system to enter and exit more freely?
Which part of the nervous system allows cells of the immune system to enter and exit more freely?
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Dorsal columns
- Cerebral cortex
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS) (correct)
Where are collections of neuronal cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system?
Where are collections of neuronal cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system?
- Dorsal root ganglia (correct)
- Sympathetic trunk ganglia
- Basal nuclei
- Supra-optic nucleus
Which part of the nervous system has fewer neuronal cell bodies?
Which part of the nervous system has fewer neuronal cell bodies?
- Cerebral cortex
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS) (correct)
- Dorsal columns
- Central nervous system (CNS)
Where are collections of neuronal cell bodies found in the central nervous system?
Where are collections of neuronal cell bodies found in the central nervous system?
Which part of the cerebral cortex forms a relatively thin layer superficially?
Which part of the cerebral cortex forms a relatively thin layer superficially?
In which part of the nervous system can axons/nerves sometimes regenerate after damage?
In which part of the nervous system can axons/nerves sometimes regenerate after damage?
Which type of cells form a multi-layer lipid coat that 'insulates' axons in the central nervous system?
Which type of cells form a multi-layer lipid coat that 'insulates' axons in the central nervous system?
Where are myelinated axons found in the nervous system?
Where are myelinated axons found in the nervous system?
What is the main component of areas in the central nervous system that have relatively few myelinated axons?
What is the main component of areas in the central nervous system that have relatively few myelinated axons?
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
Where are large tracts usually found in the nervous system?
Where are large tracts usually found in the nervous system?
What determines whether a neuron will send a signal down the axon?
What determines whether a neuron will send a signal down the axon?
Which cranial nerves control PaNS for the heart, lungs, and majority of the GI system?
Which cranial nerves control PaNS for the heart, lungs, and majority of the GI system?
Which nervous system decreases heart rate and cardiac output?
Which nervous system decreases heart rate and cardiac output?
Where are the ganglia located for the Sacral nerves of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Where are the ganglia located for the Sacral nerves of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Which system decreases digestive function and increases glucose availability?
Which system decreases digestive function and increases glucose availability?
Which cranial nerves control PaNS over pupillary muscles?
Which cranial nerves control PaNS over pupillary muscles?
Which nervous system increases blood flow to the digestive tract?
Which nervous system increases blood flow to the digestive tract?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for action potentials?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for action potentials?
What type of neurons can be myelinated by Schwann cells?
What type of neurons can be myelinated by Schwann cells?
Which part of the nervous system involves afferent nerves for sensory information?
Which part of the nervous system involves afferent nerves for sensory information?
What does the motor system control in addition to skeletal muscles?
What does the motor system control in addition to skeletal muscles?
Where do efferents carry information from?
Where do efferents carry information from?
Which glial cell type plays a critical role in forming and strengthening synapses, regulating ion concentration, and providing structural support in the CNS?
Which glial cell type plays a critical role in forming and strengthening synapses, regulating ion concentration, and providing structural support in the CNS?
Which cells remove cellular debris, monitor the environment, and fight pathogens in the CNS?
Which cells remove cellular debris, monitor the environment, and fight pathogens in the CNS?
What is the function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?
What is the function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?
Which cells regulate the production and filtiration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Which cells regulate the production and filtiration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS?
What is the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS?
Which part of the neuron is the site of protein synthesis?
Which part of the neuron is the site of protein synthesis?
Microglial cells are the only immune cells allowed into CNS
Microglial cells are the only immune cells allowed into CNS
What would happen if end-feet of astrocytes were to be damaged?
What would happen if end-feet of astrocytes were to be damaged?
There are as many microglial cells in the CNS as neurons
There are as many microglial cells in the CNS as neurons
What type of cell is the most numerous in CNS?
What type of cell is the most numerous in CNS?
Waves of calcium in the brain can cause......
Waves of calcium in the brain can cause......
Which of the following is made of strong fibrous connective tissue that surrounds nerves?
Which of the following is made of strong fibrous connective tissue that surrounds nerves?
Which of the following can regulate what moves into fascicles?
Which of the following can regulate what moves into fascicles?
Endoneurium is a delicate CT layer that surrounds individual axons
Endoneurium is a delicate CT layer that surrounds individual axons
What is the main function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the main function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the role of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the role of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?
Which cells form the Blood-Nerve Barrier (BNB) in the peripheral nervous system?
Which cells form the Blood-Nerve Barrier (BNB) in the peripheral nervous system?
Which component of the neuron is responsible for protein synthesis?
Which component of the neuron is responsible for protein synthesis?
What is the main difference between Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes?
What is the main difference between Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes?
What is the function of the Blood-Nerve Barrier (BNB) in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the function of the Blood-Nerve Barrier (BNB) in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the site of a unique electrical phenomenon of the cell membrane known as an action potential?
What is the site of a unique electrical phenomenon of the cell membrane known as an action potential?
Which type of neurons have a distal process that either interacts with a sensory receptor or serves as a sensory receptor?
Which type of neurons have a distal process that either interacts with a sensory receptor or serves as a sensory receptor?
What type of neurons are typical of neurons that detect the special senses such as vision, hearing, and smell?
What type of neurons are typical of neurons that detect the special senses such as vision, hearing, and smell?
What are the myelin-free segments known as, which are crucial to action potential generation?
What are the myelin-free segments known as, which are crucial to action potential generation?
Which type of neurons are typical of dorsal root ganglion cells involved in somatic sensation?
Which type of neurons are typical of dorsal root ganglion cells involved in somatic sensation?
What are the sites of a unique electrical phenomenon of the cell membrane known as an action potential?
What are the sites of a unique electrical phenomenon of the cell membrane known as an action potential?
What type of dendritic spine is the most effective at relaying information?
What type of dendritic spine is the most effective at relaying information?
Sacral nerves house all of the visceral efferents of the bowel, reproductive organs and the kidney
Sacral nerves house all of the visceral efferents of the bowel, reproductive organs and the kidney
Study Notes
Central Nervous System Histology
- Basal nuclei are often called basal ganglia, containing axons, neuronal, and glial cell bodies.
- Glial cell types in the CNS include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.
- Astrocytes play a critical role in CNS physiology, forming and strengthening synapses, regulating ion concentration, and providing structural support.
- Astrocytes are interconnected via gap junctions, facilitating calcium waves and general depolarization, which may enhance neuronal signaling and neuroplasticity.
- Oligodendrocytes wrap around axons, forming myelin sheath to increase the speed and efficiency of action potential conduction.
- Microglial cells remove cellular debris, monitor the environment, and fight pathogens in the CNS.
- The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by the choroid plexus and circulated through the ventricular system.
- CSF production is regulated by ependymal cells and selectively transports water, electrolytes, and nutrients from blood to CSF.
- The blood-brain barrier (BBB) isolates the CNS from immune cells, noxious wastes, toxins, and pathogens, with astrocytes playing a crucial role in maintaining its integrity.
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) contains Schwann cells, satellite cells, and a blood-nerve barrier (BNB) that regulates the movement of ions and immune cells into the fascicles.
- Dendrites are the input area of neurons, with dendritic spines forming synapses with axon terminals to carry information to the rest of the neuron.
- The neuronal cell body, or soma, is the site of protein synthesis, containing Nissl substance, microtubules, actin microfilaments, and neurofilaments for structural stability and protein synthesis.
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Description
Test your knowledge of central nervous system histology with this quiz. Explore the structure and functions of key components such as basal nuclei, glial cells, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood-brain barrier. Challenge yourself with questions about neuronal anatomy and the peripheral nervous system.
