29 Questions
What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to Protein
Which of the following is an exception to the Central Dogma?
Some viruses have RNA as their genetic material
What is reverse transcription?
The synthesis of DNA from an RNA template
What is reverse transcription used for in the laboratory?
To make many copies of a specific genetic sequence for analysis
What is the enzyme responsible for reverse transcription called?
Reverse transcriptase
What is the term used to describe the DNA synthesized from an RNA template during reverse transcription?
cDNA
What is the term used to describe the combination of reverse transcription followed by PCR amplification?
RT-PCR
What is the basic unit of biological information?
Gene
What is the term used to describe the genetic composition of an individual?
Genotype
What is the term used to describe the observable characteristics of an individual?
Phenotype
Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?
Amino acid
What type of nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
Thymine
Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is NOT correct?
The phosphodiester bonds in DNA are formed between the 5' and 3' carbon atoms of adjacent nucleotides.
What is the correct base pairing in DNA according to the Watson-Crick model?
Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine
What is the primary function of nucleic acids?
To store and express genetic information
Which of the following statements about the structure of RNA is correct?
RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil.
What is the primary difference between purine and pyrimidine nitrogenous bases?
Purine bases have a two-ring structure, while pyrimidine bases have a one-ring structure.
What is the function of the phosphate group in a nucleotide?
To form the backbone of the nucleic acid chain
Which of the following statements about the polarity of nucleic acid chains is correct?
The polarity of nucleic acid chains is determined by the direction of the phosphodiester bonds.
What is the purpose of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
To stabilize the double-helix structure of DNA
According to the Watson and Crick model, what is the relationship between the two polynucleotide chains of DNA?
The two chains are complementary in base composition.
What is the Chargaff Rule regarding the base ratios in DNA?
The amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine.
What is the spatial relationship between the two strands in the DNA double helix?
The two strands are twisted (coiled) around each other in a right-handed double helix.
What is the significance of the major and minor grooves in the DNA double helix?
The bases in these grooves are exposed and can interact with proteins or other molecules.
What is the significance of the negative charge on the DNA molecule?
The negative charge facilitates the binding of specific proteins to the DNA.
What is the main function of the complementary nature of the two polynucleotide DNA strands?
All of the above.
What is the difference between the A-form and the B-form of the DNA double helix?
All of the above.
What is the structural difference between DNA and RNA?
All of the above.
What is the primary function of RNA according to the passage?
RNA is used to direct the process of protein synthesis.
Test your knowledge on the Central Dogma of molecular biology and reverse transcription process, which involves synthesizing DNA from an RNA template using reverse transcriptases. Learn about the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein in organisms.
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