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What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

  • The flow of information from DNA to RNA to Protein (correct)
  • The flow of information from DNA to Protein to RNA
  • The flow of information from RNA to Protein to DNA
  • The flow of information from Protein to RNA to DNA

    • Which of the following is an exception to the Central Dogma?

  • Some plants have RNA as their genetic material
  • Some viruses have RNA as their genetic material (correct)
  • Some animals have RNA as their genetic material
  • Some bacteria have RNA as their genetic material

    • What is reverse transcription?

  • The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
  • The synthesis of Protein from an RNA template
  • The synthesis of Protein from a DNA template
  • The synthesis of DNA from an RNA template (correct)

    • What is reverse transcription used for in the laboratory?

    <p>To make many copies of a specific genetic sequence for analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for reverse transcription called?

    <p>Reverse transcriptase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the DNA synthesized from an RNA template during reverse transcription?

    <p>cDNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the combination of reverse transcription followed by PCR amplification?

    <p>RT-PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of biological information?

    <p>Gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the genetic composition of an individual?

    <p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the observable characteristics of an individual?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

    <p>Amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is NOT correct?

    <p>The phosphodiester bonds in DNA are formed between the 5' and 3' carbon atoms of adjacent nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct base pairing in DNA according to the Watson-Crick model?

    <p>Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

    <p>To store and express genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the structure of RNA is correct?

    <p>RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between purine and pyrimidine nitrogenous bases?

    <p>Purine bases have a two-ring structure, while pyrimidine bases have a one-ring structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the phosphate group in a nucleotide?

    <p>To form the backbone of the nucleic acid chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the polarity of nucleic acid chains is correct?

    <p>The polarity of nucleic acid chains is determined by the direction of the phosphodiester bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

    <p>To stabilize the double-helix structure of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Watson and Crick model, what is the relationship between the two polynucleotide chains of DNA?

    <p>The two chains are complementary in base composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Chargaff Rule regarding the base ratios in DNA?

    <p>The amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the spatial relationship between the two strands in the DNA double helix?

    <p>The two strands are twisted (coiled) around each other in a right-handed double helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the major and minor grooves in the DNA double helix?

    <p>The bases in these grooves are exposed and can interact with proteins or other molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the negative charge on the DNA molecule?

    <p>The negative charge facilitates the binding of specific proteins to the DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the complementary nature of the two polynucleotide DNA strands?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the A-form and the B-form of the DNA double helix?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RNA according to the passage?

    <p>RNA is used to direct the process of protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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