Central Dogma of Gene Expression
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Questions and Answers

In prokaryotes, where do both transcription and translation occur?

  • In the mitochondria
  • In the endoplasmic reticulum
  • In the nucleus
  • In the cytoplasm (correct)

    • Which of the following processes takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?

  • Translation
  • Both B and C (correct)
  • Transcription
  • RNA processing

    • What is true regarding rRNA and tRNA synthesis?

  • They are transcribed and translated from genes
  • They are transcribed but not translated (correct)
  • They are not produced in cells
  • They are proteins encoded by other proteins

    • What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells in terms of the central dogma?

    <p>Eukaryotes have a nucleus where transcription occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about transcription and translation is correct?

    <p>Translation takes place in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA is primarily responsible for coding for proteins?

    <p>Messenger RNA (mRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the cell?

    <p>Serve as a structural component of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about transfer RNA (tRNA)?

    <p>It transports amino acids during the translation process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the abundance of different types of RNA?

    <p>mRNA is much more abundant than both tRNA and rRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the roles of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA)?

    <p>mRNA acts as a template for protein synthesis, while tRNA transports amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the template strand of DNA during transcription?

    <p>It guides the synthesis of RNA transcript.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the non-template (coding) strand of DNA?

    <p>It has a base sequence identical to that of the RNA transcript.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the RNA transcript in relation to the template strand?

    <p>It is complementary to the base sequence of the template strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the base sequence of the template strand relate to the other DNA strand?

    <p>It is complementary to the coding strand sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is incorrect regarding the strands of DNA during transcription?

    <p>The non-template strand must be transcribed first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What corresponds with the 5' end of a coding DNA strand?

    <p>N-terminus of a peptide/protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the polarity of RNA strands?

    <p>RNA strands contain both a 5' and a corresponding 3' end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the 3' end of the coding DNA strand and the resulting mRNA?

    <p>It corresponds with the C-terminus of the peptide/protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 3' sugar-OH end in nucleotide strands?

    <p>It plays a critical role in defining the polarity of nucleic acid strands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly matches the ends of coding DNA, mRNA, and proteins?

    <p>3' end of coding DNA - 5' end of mRNA - C-terminus of protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What direction does RNA polymerase travel along the DNA strand during transcription?

    <p>3' to 5'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is NOT facilitated by RNA polymerase during transcription?

    <p>Synthesizing DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond connects ribonucleotides during RNA synthesis?

    <p>Phosphodiester bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main advantages of RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase?

    <p>It allows for multiple RNA copies to be synthesized in a short time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is primarily responsible for forming the transcription bubble during transcription?

    <p>RNAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RNA polymerase I in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To transcribe ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is crucial for the initiation of transcription in bacterial cells?

    <p>Sigma factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III?

    <p>Transfer RNA (tRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Actinomycin D have on transcription?

    <p>Binds to double-stranded DNA and prevents RNAP from transcribing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RNA polymerase class in eukaryotes is responsible for mRNA transcription?

    <p>RNA polymerase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the RNAP core enzyme in bacteria?

    <p>It cannot initiate transcription alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is essential for the initiation of transcription?

    <p>Promoter region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does RNA elongation occur during transcription?

    <p>5’ to 3’ direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical rate of RNA synthesis in bacteria?

    <p>42-54 nucleotides/second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event signals the termination of transcription?

    <p>Reaching the termination site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of RNA polymerase during the elongation phase of transcription?

    <p>To synthesize RNA from DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the σ subunit in bacterial RNA polymerase?

    <p>It binds the promoter region to initiate transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the location of the Pribnow box in relation to the transcription start site?

    <p>It is located at -10, upstream of the transcription start site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sites designated upstream or downstream relative to the transcription start site?

    <p>Upstream sites are labeled with a minus sign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the term 'consensus sequences' in the context of E. coli promoters?

    <p>They are short, conserved nucleotide sequences that may not be identical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the -35 consensus sequence in the context of transcription initiation?

    <p>It provides a recognition site for the RNA polymerase to bind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is specifically recognized by transcription factors to regulate gene transcription?

    <p>Enhancer sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

    <p>It provides a landing site for RNA polymerase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context would the Downstream Promoter Element (DPE) be considered important?

    <p>It may be located approximately 30 nucleotides downstream from the transcription start point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding eukaryotic promoters when compared to prokaryotic promoters?

    <p>Eukaryotic promoters may lack some consensus sequences altogether.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence is known to surround the transcription start point in eukaryotic promoters?

    <p>Inr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transcription factor initiates transcription by binding to the TATA box?

    <p>TFIID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the BRE sequence recognized by TFIIB?

    <p>Facilitating transcription initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions can regulate eukaryotic gene transcription?

    <p>Both upstream and downstream regulatory regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transcription factor category is specific to RNA polymerase II?

    <p>TFII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the TATA-binding protein (TBP) found within the transcription process?

    <p>Part of the TFIID complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of intrinsic termination in transcription allows for the dissociation of the RNA transcript?

    <p>Presence of inverted repeats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is essential for rho (ρ) dependent termination in transcription?

    <p>Termination factor rho</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the hairpin structure play during the termination of transcription?

    <p>It facilitates the easy dissociation of the RNA transcript.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs immediately after the formation of the hairpin structure at the termination site?

    <p>Rho (ρ) factor begins binding to RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how weak A-U base pairing affects transcription termination?

    <p>It leads to the release of the RNA transcript.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Central Dogma of Gene Expression

    • All cells, from bacteria to humans, follow the Central Dogma, which describes the flow of genetic information.

    Prokaryotic Gene Expression

    • Prokaryotes lack a nucleus.
    • Both transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm.
    • rRNA and tRNA are transcribed but not translated from genes.

    Eukaryotic Gene Expression

    • Eukaryotes possess a nucleus.
    • Transcription occurs within the nucleus.
    • RNA processing happens within the nucleus.
    • Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of the Central Dogma of Gene Expression, which explains how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. Learn about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression, including the roles of transcription and translation in each type of cell. This quiz is essential for understanding the basics of molecular biology.

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