Questions and Answers
What pulls downward on all objects?
Gravity
Where is the center of gravity typically located in humans?
Anterior to S2, 55% of person's height
Name some factors that influence the center of gravity (COG).
Changes in position, height, weight, body shapes, external factors, male vs female, adults vs children
What is the terminology for an obese, rounded body and curvy physique?
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What is the terminology for a muscular and strong physique?
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What is the terminology for a thin and linear frame?
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What is the imaginary line through the center of gravity (COG) that is always vertical due to gravity's downward pull?
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Can the line of gravity change its downward direction?
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What is the perimeter of the contact area between the body and its support surface?
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What works together to keep a person stable?
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What shifts with positional changes?
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What must stay within the base of support for maximum stability?
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What part of the body accounts for 60% of a person's total weight?
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What is the state of remaining fixed or steady against the force of gravity?
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How much can a person sway within their base of support to maintain equilibrium?
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What remains fixed or steady in one position?
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What remains steady while changing positions?
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What happens when a person's line of gravity is outside of their base of support?
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Where is the center of gravity when referring to a wheelchair?
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What happens when lowering the center of gravity?
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What happens when the base of support is wider?
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If the body is at rest and maintaining a position, what type of balance is it?
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The level of difficulty depends on position is which type of balance?
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If the body is in a state of motion or transition, what type of balance is it?
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Body maintains stability when either receiving an external force or exerting a force, what type of balance is it?
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Name a factor that influences stability. Example: wet floor or ice.
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Name a factor that influences stability. Example: football player, obese patients.
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Name a factor that influences stability. Example: human body.
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Study Notes
Gravity and Center of Gravity (COG)
- Gravity pulls downward on all objects, influencing their stability.
- The center of gravity (COG) is the point where an object balances without rotation; it represents the object's weight center.
- In humans, the COG is typically located anterior to the S2 vertebra and is around 55% of a person's height.
Factors Influencing Center of Gravity
- Position changes, height, weight, body shape, and external factors (e.g., braces, casts) affect the COG.
- Gender and age differences influence where the COG is positioned in individuals.
Body Types
- Endomorph: Refers to an obese, rounded body with curvy features.
- Mesomorph: Denotes a muscular and strong physique.
- Ectomorph: Describes a thin and linear body frame.
Line of Gravity (LOG) and Stability
- The line of gravity is an imaginary line that runs vertically through the COG due to the downward pull of gravity.
- The LOG does not change its downward direction, though it can shift slightly when body parts change position.
Base of Support (BOS)
- The base of support refers to the perimeter of the contact area between the body and its support surface.
- Stability is maximized when the COG and LOG remain within the BOS.
Conditions of Stability
- Head and trunk comprise approximately 60% of a person's total body weight, affecting stability.
- Maintaining a fixed or steady position against gravity characterizes static stability, while dynamic stability involves maintaining balance during movement.
Effects of COG and BOS on Stability
- Lowering the COG or widening the BOS increases overall stability.
- Static balance occurs when the body is at rest, while dynamic balance applies when in motion or transition.
Factors Affecting Stability
- Friction is a significant factor influencing stability; slippery surfaces (like ice) can reduce it.
- Greater mass contributes to increased stability; larger individuals may have better balance due to their mass.
- Maximum stability is achieved when all weight-bearing segments have their COG aligned vertically over the BOS.
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Test your knowledge on key concepts related to the center of gravity and base of support with these flashcards. Each card presents important definitions and questions that explore the fundamental principles of balance and stability in physics. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their understanding of these concepts.
