Cementum

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What is the primary function of cementum?

To regulate tooth growth
To bind the tooth to surrounding structures (correct)
To decay and wear away with age
To provide sensation to the tooth

What is the color of cementum?

Ivory white
Dark brown
Light yellow (correct)
Transparent

How does the hardness of cementum compare to that of dentin?

It is unrelated to dentin
It is less hard than dentin (correct)
It is harder than dentin
It is the same as dentin

What is unique about the fluoride content of cementum?

It has the highest fluoride content of all mineralized tissues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the organic portion of cementum?

Type I collagen and protein polysaccharides (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of inorganic substances in cementum?

45% to 50% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cementum in terms of tooth adaptation?

It allows for functional adaptation of the teeth (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where does cementum begin on the tooth?

At the cervical portion of the tooth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in tooth development?

To form the epithelial diaphragm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the cells of the epithelial diaphragm during root formation?

They proliferate and grow coronal to the diaphragm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cementoblasts in cementum formation?

To synthesize collagen and protein polysaccharides (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the small clusters of epithelial cells located in the periodontal ligament called?

Epithelial rests of Malassez (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between the outer and inner enamel epithelium at the future cementoenamel junction?

They bend into a horizontal plane (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the connective tissue of the dental sac in root formation?

It proliferates and invades the epithelial diaphragm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the structure of cementoblasts?

They have numerous mitochondria and a well-formed Golgi apparatus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Hertwig's epithelial root sheath during tooth development?

It breaks up into epithelial strands (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the uncalcified matrix of cementum?

Cementoid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fibers embedded in cementum?

To attach the tooth to surrounding bone (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the acellular cementum typically found?

At the coronal half of the root (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of acellular afibrillar cementum?

It contains neither cells nor extrinsic or intrinsic collagen fibers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cementum is composed of extrinsic and intrinsic fibers and may contain cells?

Cellular mixed stratified cementum (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cellular mixed stratified cementum typically found?

At the apical third of the roots (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the thickness of cementum at the cementoenamel junction?

Thinnest (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cementocytes in cellular cementum?

They are degenerating or marginally active cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the incremental lines of Salter?

They are highly mineralized areas with less collagen and more ground substance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cementodentinal junction in permanent teeth?

It is smooth (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cementum in orthodontic tooth movement?

It is more resistant to resorption than bone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the intermediate cementum layer?

It is predominantly seen in the apical two-thirds of roots of molars and premolars (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between cementum and enamel at the cementoenamel junction in 30% of all teeth?

Cementum meets the cervical end of enamel in a relatively sharp line (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cementum in terms of vascularization?

It is avascular (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cementum in terms of resorption lacunae?

It fills resorption lacunae (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cellular intrinsic fiber cementum?

It contains no extrinsic collagen fibers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of repair occurs when the root outline is not reconstructed and a bay-like recess remains?

Functional repair (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an abnormal thickening of cementum?

Hyperceementosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the overgrowth of cementum improves the functional qualities of the cementum?

Hypertrophy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for knob-like projections of cementum?

Exementoses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with chronic periapical inflammation in cases of extensive hyperplasia of cementum?

Cemental hyperplasia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in non-functioning teeth with hyperplasia of cementum?

A decrease in Sharpey's fibers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the normal repair process where the former outline of the root surface is re-established?

Anatomic repair (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of repair occurs when a thin layer of cementum is deposited on the surface of a deep resorption and the root outline is not reconstructed?

Functional repair (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of functional repair in terms of the periodontal space?

The periodontal space is restored to its normal width (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal thickening of cementum that correlates with increased function?