Cement and Concrete Development Quiz

Silica Fume = A by-product from electric arc furnaces during silicon production Fly Ash = Another common pozzolan used in concrete Superplasticizers = Additives that increase workability of concrete Portland Cement = Common type of cement used in concrete mixes

Silica Fume = Particles 100 times smaller than average cement particles Fly Ash = A type of pozzolan with cementing qualities Superplasticizers = Reduces the workability issue caused by silica fume Calcium Hydroxide = Reacts with siliceous materials to form cementious compounds

Pozzolan = Siliceous material with no cementing quality alone Water-Cement Ratio = Affects the strength of the concrete mix Heat of Hydration = Generated due to increased surface area of silica fume Density Increase = Result of adding silica fume to concrete

<p>Higher Strength = Due to presence of silica fume Reduced Workability = Caused by ultra-fine silica fume particles Increased Water Requirement = Necessitated by the addition of superplasticizers More Heat Generation = Resulting from increased surface area in the mix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% to 30% usage = Typical mix percentage of silica fume to cement Powder and Liquid form = Forms in which silica fume is available Ultra-fine Particles = Contributes to density and strength improvement Hydration Reaction = Fosters creation of cementious compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silica Fume = Enhances strength and density Superplasticizers = Improves overall workability Cement Particles = Serves as the primary binders in the mix Calcium Hydroxide = Reactant in pozzolanic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased Strength = Due to fine dispersion of particles Better Density = Consequence of additional silica fume More Heat during Hydration = Due to larger surface area Need for Superplasticizers = To counter reduced workability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Finer Particles = Leads to increased hydration heat Higher Surface Area = Enhances cementing reactions Addition of Superplasticizers = Allows better fluidity in the concrete mix Improved Concrete Durability = Result of silica fume's properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>François Le Brun = Built a concrete house and church Joseph Lambot = Created a concrete boat Joseph Monier = Invented reinforced concrete François Coignet = Published a book on concrete applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1832 = Le Brun built a concrete house 1861 = Coignet published a book on design 1867 = Monier received a patent for reinforced concrete 1870s = First portland cement manufactured in the US</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clay = One of the primary components Limestone = Another primary component Iron wire = Used in reinforced concrete Pulverized clinker = Ground material for cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concrete house = François Le Brun Concrete boat = Joseph Lambot Concrete railroad ties = Joseph Monier Reinforced concrete structures = François Coignet</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stucco = Early use of cement Reinforced concrete = Combines lightness and strength Mesh of iron wire = Used for support in concrete Portland cement = Cement introduced in the US</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>France = Home of early concrete innovations United States = Introduced portland cement late Germany = Location of Monier's patents Kitchen stove = Place for burning materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joseph Monier = Patented concrete basins François Coignet = Developed design methods Joseph Lambot = Built reinforced concrete boat François Le Brun = Established concrete structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1868 = Introduction of portland cement in the US 1850 = Lambot built concrete boat 1881 = End of Monier's patent period 1832 = Le Brun’s landmark construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforced concrete = Combines concrete with tensile elements such as steel Steel = High tensile strength material used in construction Wire rope = Invoked from discarded cable-car systems for reinforcement Concrete = Compressive strength material often used in structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1906 earthquake = Natural disaster affecting San Francisco buildings Construction of Leland Stanford Jr. Museum = First reinforced concrete building using wire rope as reinforcement Ransome's twisting technique = Provided better bonding between concrete and steel Installation of CGBS = Related to the LUNA oil-and-gas platform in Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>R.S. Kirby = The Early Years of Modern Civil Engineering H. Straub = A History of Civil Engineering W.E. Ward = Béton in Combination with Iron as a Building Material American Society for Testing Materials = Proceedings documenting material testing standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cold-twisting bars = Improves bonding with concrete Reinforcement of concrete = Enhances tensile strength Structural steel = Provides framework and support Gravity base substructure = Stabilizes offshore platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>San Francisco = Site of the 1906 earthquake and Leland Stanford Jr. Museum Sakhalin region = Location of the LUNA oil-and-gas platform New Haven = Place associated with R.S. Kirby's publication Cambridge = Location of H. Straub's historical accounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforced concrete = Good in compression but poor in tension Structural steel = Excellent in tension and compression Twisted bars = Helps in prevention of slipping in concrete Concrete gravity base = Utilizes gravity for stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Twisting bars with one complete turn = Improved adhesion Using discarded wire rope = Innovative recycling in construction Reinforcing concrete = Increased structural integrity Constructing multi-story buildings = Enhanced urban development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transactions ASME = Engineering materials and their applications Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials = Standards for material testing Die Geschichte der Bauingenieurkunst = Civil engineering history translated The Early Years of Modern Civil Engineering = Development of engineering practices in early 20th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ordinary glass = Deteriorates in contact with cement paste Alkali-resistant glass fibers = Necessary for use with cement paste Hooked fibers = Improve bonding with cement paste Crimped fibers = Enhance the toughness of concrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspect ratio = Determines the improvement in toughness Fiber shape = Affects toughness Fiber texture = Influences bonding Fiber length = Varies from about 0.25 in to 3 in</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diameter of fibers = 0.01 in to 0.03 in Aspect ratio = Length divided by diameter Length of fibers = 0.25 in to 3 in Toughness test method = ASTM C101820</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibers bridging a crack = Do not significantly increase strength Ductility and toughness improvement = Resists crack opening Increased service lives = May prove cost-effective in the long run Increased costs = Limitation for use in full concrete projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Highway pavements = Common use for overlays Airport runways = Utilized for durability Whole concrete projects = Less commonly used Fatigue loadings = Results in reduced crack widths</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased fatigue life = For concrete beams Resistance to crack opening = Due to fiber work during pull-out Cost increase = Affecting project budget Enhancement of bond = Through chemical modification of fiber surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimum fiber length = 0.25 in Maximum fiber length = 3 in Smallest diameter = 0.01 in Largest diameter = 0.03 in</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toughness = Total energy absorbed in breaking Crack resistance = Due to fiber bridging Work against crack opening = Increased ductility Cost-effectiveness = Considered over service lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A615 = Commonly used for most reinforcing bars A706 = Suitable for welding and bending applications A996 = Limited availability in the U.S. 80 ksi = Upper limit for yield strengths in design calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60 ksi and above = 0.35% strain Less than 60 ksi = 0.5% strain 40 ksi = Stress corresponding to 0.5% strain 80 ksi = Not permitted for design calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reclaimed steel = Material often used in A615 bars Rail steel (A996) = Manufactured by few U.S. manufacturers Axle steel = Not produced by U.S. manufacturers Reinforcing bars = Conform mostly to A615 specification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S and W = Marking for A615 and A706 bars A615 = Most commonly used specification A706 = Specification for welding applications A996 = Specification not widely encountered</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 ksi = Minimum commonly used strength 60 ksi = Most commonly used yield strength 80 ksi = Upper limit for design calculations Reclaimed steel = Used materials in reinforcing bars</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Welding = Critical for A706 specification Bending = Important for certain applications Availability = A706 bars may not be local Recycling = Commonly used in A615 production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A615 = General purpose and widespread use A706 = Specialized applications requiring bending A996 = Limited rail applications Infrastructure = Common use case for reinforcing bars</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 ksi yield strength = Commonly used reinforced concrete 60 ksi yield strength = Considered standard for design 80 ksi yield strength = Reference for maximum limits Reclaimed steel bars = Composition of A615 reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers