18 Questions
What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic respiration?
Produce ATP by transferring electrons across the mitochondrial membrane
Why is anaerobic respiration considered less efficient than aerobic respiration?
Only 2 ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule
Which of the following is a key stage involved in aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
What is the role of protons (H+) in aerobic respiration?
Active transport and oxidative phosphorylation
How do producers contribute to energy transfer in ecosystems?
By producing their own carbohydrates from carbon dioxide
Which process involves the transport of substances across cell membranes through specific proteins?
Facilitated diffusion
What is the main outcome of chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?
Active transport and oxidative phosphorylation
Which organism serves as the producers in an ecosystem food web?
Plants
What is the main difference between Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)?
NPP includes respiratory losses while GPP does not.
What is the purpose of a bomb calorimeter in estimating the chemical energy stored in dry biomass?
To burn a sample in pure oxygen to calculate energy content.
What equation can be used to calculate the net production of consumers (N) in an ecosystem?
N = I - F
How is the rate at which energy is transferred into organic molecules different from the rate at which energy is incorporated into organic molecules?
The former accounts for energy storage, while the latter measures energy transfer.
What happens to the net primary production (NPP) in an ecosystem after accounting for respiratory losses?
It is used for plant growth and reproduction.
What role does oxygen play in the estimation of chemical energy in dry biomass using calorimetry?
To burn the sample for energy calculation.
Which process involves the calculation of energy stored in plant biomass after accounting for losses to the environment?
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
In estimating the net production of consumers, what does 'I' represent?
'I' represents ingested food's chemical energy store.
How can the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles be linked to the concept of chemical energy transfer in ecosystems?
By understanding how nutrients are recycled within ecosystems.
What is the primary function of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) in an ecosystem?
To quantify the rate of photosynthesis and energy storage.
This essay discusses the key points of how chemiosmosis is linked to transport across the cell, the role of chlorophyll in membrane activity, active transport, photolysis, and more. It also explores how the production of ATP and reduced NADP is related to the Calvin cycle and protein structure and function.
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