Cellular Respiration Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main product of glycolysis from one glucose molecule?

2 Acetyl Co-A

2 Pyruvate (correct)

2 NADH

4 ATP

Which of the following stages of cellular respiration does not require oxygen?

Kreb’s Cycle

Glycolysis (correct)

Electron Transport Chain

Pyruvate Oxidation

What happens to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen?

It is converted to Ethanol

It is converted to Acetyl Co-A (correct)

It undergoes Lactic Acid Fermentation

It remains unchanged

What is produced during Lactic Acid Fermentation?

Lactic Acid Signup and view all the answers

How many total ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?

4 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the Kreb’s Cycle is true?

It requires oxygen to proceed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

To carry electrons and hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a waste product during pyruvate oxidation?

Carbon Dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between ATP synthesis and electron transport?

ATP synthesis is coupled with electron transport and dependent on the availability of glucose and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP are theoretically produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose?

36 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the actual yield of ATP after the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose?

30 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the loss of protons during ATP synthesis?

H+ ions leakage through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall efficiency of ATP production from one molecule of glucose?

32% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain?

Pumping protons to create an electrochemical gradient Signup and view all the answers

How many protons does every NADH pump across the membrane?

6 protons Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is created as a byproduct of the electron transport chain?

Water Signup and view all the answers

During chemiosmosis, protons diffuse through which structure to generate ATP?

Protein channel (ATPase) Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP are produced from one molecule of FADH2?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occurs during the Krebs cycle?

Release of carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What does the accumulation of protons in the inner membrane space create?

An electrochemical gradient Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Respiration

Process of transferring chemical energy from glucose to ATP.
Occurs in several stages.

Stage 1: Glycolysis

Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Anaerobic process, doesn't require oxygen.
Breaks down one molecule of 6-carbon glucose into two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvate.
Produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules (4 ATP produced, but 2 are used in the process).
Creates NADH, which carries energy in the form of electrons and hydrogen.

Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation

Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
Requires oxygen.
Each pyruvate molecule is converted into acetyl-CoA, generating carbon dioxide (CO2), NADH, and hydrogen ions (H+).

Stage 3: Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
Requires oxygen.
Series of redox reactions that transfer energy to NAD and FAD, reducing them to NADH and FADH2.
Occurs twice for every glucose molecule.
Produces 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP.

Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain

Occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor.
Series of proteins arranged in increasing order of electronegativity, accepting electrons from NADH and FADH2.
Energy released from electron transfer is used to pump protons into the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical gradient.
This gradient is used to generate ATP through chemiosmosis.
For every NADH entering the ETC, 6 H+ are pumped across the membrane, producing 3 ATP.
For every FADH2 entering the ETC, 4 H+ are pumped across the membrane, producing 2 ATP.

Chemiosmosis

Protons accumulate in the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical gradient.
Protons diffuse through a protein channel (ATPase) in the membrane, releasing energy that drives ATP synthesis.
ATP synthesis is coupled with electron transport, both processes relying on glucose and oxygen.

ATP Yield

Theoretical yield from 1 glucose molecule is 36 ATP.
Actual yield is approximately 30 ATP, due to proton leakage and other cellular energy needs.

Overall Efficiency

Cellular respiration is approximately 32% efficient in converting the energy from glucose into ATP.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the process of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle. This quiz covers key stages, products, and the role of oxygen in energy production from glucose.