Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT involved in cellular respiration?
Which of the following is NOT involved in cellular respiration?
- Ribose (correct)
- Glucose
- NAD+
- FAD
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
- To release energy from glucose and store it in ATP (correct)
- To break down glucose into simpler molecules
- To synthesize proteins from amino acids
- To produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct
What happens to ADP after ATP is broken down?
What happens to ADP after ATP is broken down?
- It becomes NADH
- It is recycled by cellular respiration to form ATP again (correct)
- It is used to build proteins
- It is released as waste
Where does glycolysis take place?
Where does glycolysis take place?
What is the role of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration?
What is the role of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration?
How many ATP molecules can be produced from a single glucose molecule through cellular respiration?
How many ATP molecules can be produced from a single glucose molecule through cellular respiration?
What type of energy is stored in glucose?
What type of energy is stored in glucose?
Which of the following is a true statement about enzymes and activation energy?
Which of the following is a true statement about enzymes and activation energy?
Which of these molecules is NOT a direct participant in the electron transport chain (ETC)?
Which of these molecules is NOT a direct participant in the electron transport chain (ETC)?
The ETC uses the energy from electrons to:
The ETC uses the energy from electrons to:
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?
What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?
Where in the mitochondrion does the ETC occur?
Where in the mitochondrion does the ETC occur?
What is the role of the electron transport chain in ATP production?
What is the role of the electron transport chain in ATP production?
What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
What type of gradient is created across the inner mitochondrial membrane by the electron transport chain?
What type of gradient is created across the inner mitochondrial membrane by the electron transport chain?
What protein channel allows H+ to flow back into the mitochondrial matrix, driving ATP synthesis?
What protein channel allows H+ to flow back into the mitochondrial matrix, driving ATP synthesis?
What is the name of the process by which ATP is produced using the electrochemical gradient created by the ETC?
What is the name of the process by which ATP is produced using the electrochemical gradient created by the ETC?
How many ATP molecules are produced for every H+ that travels through ATP synthase?
How many ATP molecules are produced for every H+ that travels through ATP synthase?
What is the approximate percentage of cellular ATP produced through chemiosmosis?
What is the approximate percentage of cellular ATP produced through chemiosmosis?
How many ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose in cellular respiration?
How many ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose in cellular respiration?
What is the net gain of ATP, NADH, and pyruvate molecules from the breakdown of one glucose molecule during glycolysis?
What is the net gain of ATP, NADH, and pyruvate molecules from the breakdown of one glucose molecule during glycolysis?
What is the main purpose of fermentation?
What is the main purpose of fermentation?
Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?
Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?
What happens to pyruvate after glycolysis if oxygen is present?
What happens to pyruvate after glycolysis if oxygen is present?
What is the role of acetyl-CoA in the Citric Acid Cycle?
What is the role of acetyl-CoA in the Citric Acid Cycle?
What is the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
What is the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
What is the name of the space between the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondria?
What is the name of the space between the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondria?
How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in cellular respiration?
How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in cellular respiration?
What is the name of the enzyme that produces ATP in the electron transport chain?
What is the name of the enzyme that produces ATP in the electron transport chain?
What molecule is the starting point for glycolysis?
What molecule is the starting point for glycolysis?
What product of glycolysis is converted to acetyl-CoA before entering the Citric Acid Cycle?
What product of glycolysis is converted to acetyl-CoA before entering the Citric Acid Cycle?
What happens to the electrons as they move through the electron transport chain?
What happens to the electrons as they move through the electron transport chain?
Why is fermentation important for organisms that live in anaerobic environments?
Why is fermentation important for organisms that live in anaerobic environments?
During the Citric Acid Cycle, what molecule is produced as a waste product that is exhaled by the organism?
During the Citric Acid Cycle, what molecule is produced as a waste product that is exhaled by the organism?
What is the net gain of ATP produced during glycolysis?
What is the net gain of ATP produced during glycolysis?
What is the name of the molecule that is split in half during glycolysis?
What is the name of the molecule that is split in half during glycolysis?
Why is glycolysis important for cells that lack mitochondria?
Why is glycolysis important for cells that lack mitochondria?
What are the products of glycolysis?
What are the products of glycolysis?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement of glycolysis?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement of glycolysis?
What is the role of NADH in glycolysis?
What is the role of NADH in glycolysis?
What happens to the pyruvate molecules produced during glycolysis?
What happens to the pyruvate molecules produced during glycolysis?
Flashcards
Activation Energy
Activation Energy
The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
ATP
ATP
A molecule that stores and releases energy for cellular processes.
High Energy Bonds
High Energy Bonds
Bonds between phosphates in ATP that store vast amounts of energy.
ADP
ADP
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Signup and view all the flashcards
NAD+ and FAD
NAD+ and FAD
Signup and view all the flashcards
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Citric Acid Cycle
Citric Acid Cycle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Proton Gradient
Proton Gradient
Signup and view all the flashcards
ATP Synthase
ATP Synthase
Signup and view all the flashcards
Oxygen's Role
Oxygen's Role
Signup and view all the flashcards
ATP Yield per Glucose
ATP Yield per Glucose
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
Signup and view all the flashcards
Net gain of ATP
Net gain of ATP
Signup and view all the flashcards
FADH2
FADH2
Signup and view all the flashcards
Electron transport chain
Electron transport chain
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
H2O
H2O
Signup and view all the flashcards
Electrochemical Gradient
Electrochemical Gradient
Signup and view all the flashcards
NADH and FADH2
NADH and FADH2
Signup and view all the flashcards
Intermembrane Space
Intermembrane Space
Signup and view all the flashcards
Matrix
Matrix
Signup and view all the flashcards
ATP Production
ATP Production
Signup and view all the flashcards
ATP from Glycolysis
ATP from Glycolysis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fermentation
Fermentation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA
Signup and view all the flashcards
CO2 Production
CO2 Production
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mitochondrial Structure
Mitochondrial Structure
Signup and view all the flashcards
ATP Production Summary
ATP Production Summary
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Cellular Respiration Overview
- Cellular respiration is a process that harvests energy from glucose and converts it into ATP.
- The chemical equation for cellular respiration is C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
- Cellular respiration occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
ATP and Energy
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that stores and releases energy needed for cellular processes.
- ATP stores energy between its phosphate groups.
- ATP molecules are made of 1 adenine, 1 ribose sugar, and 3 phosphates.
- ATP releases energy when the third phosphate group is removed, becoming ADP (adenosine diphosphate).
- ADP is then converted back to ATP through cellular respiration.
Glycolysis (Step 1 of Cellular Respiration)
- Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules.
- This process occurs in the cytoplasm.
- No oxygen is needed.
- Glycolysis produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.
Pyruvate Transfer to Mitochondria
- If oxygen is present in the cell, pyruvate is transferred into the mitochondria.
- Before entering the Citric Acid Cycle, more high-energy electrons are harvested through a preparatory step.
Pyruvate Breakdown to NADH (Step 1 Before Citric Acid Cycle)
- When pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, a carbon is removed to form CO₂, leaving acetic acid.
- Coenzyme A joins the acetic acid to form acetyl-CoA.
- Two electrons are donated to an NAD+ molecule to form more NADH.
Citric Acid Cycle (Step 2 of Cellular Respiration)
- Acetyl-CoA molecules are broken down into 2 CO₂ molecules in the citric acid cycle.
- More electrons are harvested and stored in NADH and FADH₂ molecules.
- One ATP is created.
- This cycle occurs twice per glucose molecule.
Electron Transport Chain (Step 3 of Cellular Respiration)
- NADH and FADH₂ drop off electrons to protein channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- As electrons are carried down the electron transport chain, energy is used to pump H+ ions from the matrix into the intermembrane space.
- This creates a concentration gradient.
- Oxygen accepts low-energy electrons at the end of the chain, combining with H+ to form water.
Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthase
-
H+ ions passively move back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase.
-
ATP synthase is an enzyme that creates ATP as H+ ions travel through.
-
About 90% of ATP is made through chemiosmosis.
-
Fermentation is an alternative pathway for pyruvate when oxygen is not available.
-
Pyruvate converts into either lactate or ethanol as a way to recycle NAD+ from NADH.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on cellular respiration with this quiz covering key concepts such as glycolysis, the electron transport chain, and the role of ATP. Explore the mechanisms of energy production and the involvement of various molecules in this essential biological process. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding.
